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Representation and Behaviours of Transformers in the Switching of Transformers Ehv Transmission Lines

Thesis Info

Author

Ikram Ul Haq.

Department

Department of Electrical Eng, UET

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Public

Campus Location

UET Main Campus

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1993

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

106 . : ill.:

Subject

Engineering

Language

English

Other

Call No: 621.314 I 27 R

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712554315

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فصل دوم: صدر ِاسلام میں حدود و قصاص کی عملی تنفیذ کا جائزہ

رسول اللہﷺ جب مکہ مکرمہ سے ہجرت کرکے مدینہ منورہ تشریف لائے تو مدینہ میں ایک اسلامی ریاست کی بنیاد رکھی جسے پہلی اسلامی ریاست کا درجہ حاصل ہے ،پھر ریاست مدینہ میں مہاجرین اور انصار کو مواخات کے رشتے میں پرو دیا اور یہود کے ساتھ معاہدہ کر لیا۔ میثاق مدینہ کی رو سے رسول اللہ ﷺ مدینہ منورہ کے مُنصف قرار پائے ۔ آپ ﷺنے صحابہ کرام رضوا ن اللہ اجمعین کی اس نہج پر تربیت فرمائی کہ آپ ﷺکی وفات کے بعد انہوں نے معاشرے میں اطاعت الہی اور اتباعِ رسول ﷺ کو عام کیا اور ا سی کے مطابق زندگی بسر کی ۔ اسلام کا ابتدائی دور چاہے دور نبویﷺ ہو یا خلفائے راشدین کا دور ، یہ اللہ پاک کی رحمتوں و برکات سے بھرپورتھا۔ اس دور کو تمام مسلمان قیامت تک کے لیے مشعل راہ اور نمونہ سمجھتے ہیں۔

Education in Pakistan: The Need for Greater Alignment Between Policy and Praxis

The Government of Pakistan has a primary obligation to establish and maintain quality public schools for its citizens. The education policies and documents of the government of Pakistan (see 1973 constitution of Pakistan) not only recognizes education as a public good, but also expresses commitment to establish an equitable education system. Nonetheless, the element of conceptualized ‘equality’ looks a far cry in real sense. This paper, hence, realizing on-ground situation, examines empirically the contradictions that exist between government rhetoric of egalitarianism in education and the extent to which the gap exists between policy intention and policy implementation. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 28 educationists, this article asserts that the government’s dual policy towards education (ignoring public education and encouraging private education) has tacitly legitimized the sale and purchase of education as commodity. This shift, in the perception of education from a public good to a private commodity, seriously brings disadvantages to working class pupils in the competition for earning valuable educational credentials and trading upon them. Treating education as private good contributes to perpetuation of class hierarchies in Pakistan.

Growth and Yield Response of Cotton to Various Agronomic Practices

Appropriate agronomic practices like cultivar selection, planting date, plant density, and nitrogen management have a profound effect on the development and final outcome of the crop. Two field experiments to evaluate the growth and yield response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to various agronomic practices were carried out on a loam soil at Post Graduate Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the year 2007 and 2008. In first trial, response of three different cotton varieties (CIM-496, MNH-786 and FH-113) to three sowing dates (1 st week of May, 4 th week of May and 3 rd week of June) and three plant spacing (22.5 cm, 30.0 cm and 37.5 cm) was evaluated. Results revealed that number of monopodias and sympodias per plant, plant height, height to node ratio, number of main stem nodes, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per hectare differed significantly between sowing times, varieties and plant spacings but plant population was significantly varied only by varying plant spacing. Plant spacing did not influence significantly cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) infestation and earliness parameters. The ratio of CLCuV effected plants increased with delay in planting as early sown cotton (1 st week of May) up to 90 days after sowing resulted in low virus attack (16.6% in 2007 and 14% in 2008) compared to 100% virus infestation in late sown cotton (3 rd week of June) during both the years. Cultivar FH-113 proved to be more resistant to virus attack than other varieties. Cotton grown in 1 st week of May had higher seed cotton yield (2796 and 2521 kg ha -1 , during 2007 and 2008, respectively) at wide plant spacing (37.5 cm). Whereas, cotton sown in 3 rd week of June gave higher seed cotton yields at 22.5 cm plant spacing in 2007 with value of 778 kg ha -1 and at 30 cm plant spacing in 2008 giving 831 kg ha -1 . Averaged over sowing time, the cotton Cultivar FH-113 produced significantly highest seed cotton yield (2389 kg ha -1 and 2000 kg ha -1 , during 2007 and 2008, respectively) at wide plant spacing whereas both CIM-496 and MNH-786 gave similar yields at wider and normal plant spacing. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total dry matter (TDM) production and crop growth rate (CGR) were also increased with early sowing and close plant spacing. Fiber quality parameters were not influenced significantly by sowing time or plant spacing. Therefore, farmers should sow FH-113 at 37.5 cm spacing for early sowing while for late sowing plant spacing should be 30 cm to have higher seed cotton yield. In second experiment four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 ) were applied at three xvinter row spacings (60, 75 and 90 cm) . Both the factors significantly influenced monopodias and sympodias per plant, plant height, main stem nodes, height to node ratio, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, lint index, seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per hectare but fiber quality traits were not significantly affected. Leaf area index, leaf area duration, total dry matter production and crop growth rate also increased with increased nitrogen level and decreased row spacing. The maximum seed cotton yield (2106 and 1936 kg ha -1 in 2007 and 2008, respectively) was recorded in 75 cm row spacing due to more number of bolls m -2 . Similarly, highest seed cotton yield (2197 and 2032 kg ha -1 in 2007 and 2008, respectively) was produced by applying 180 kg N ha -1 which was also statistically similar to 120 kg N ha -1 in both experimental years. For economic seed cotton yield cotton should be sown on 75 cm spaced rows with 120 kg ha -1 of nitrogen. Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum, planting date, plant spacing, cotton varieties, nitrogen, row spacing, seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits.