شاعرانہ رنگ
وہ بذات خود کیونکہ شاعر بھی ہیں اس لیے انہوں نے اپنے ناول میں نثر کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنی شاعرانہ طبیعت کو بھی زندہ رکھا ہے۔ نثر میں ان کا اندازبہت سادہ اور صاف ہے۔ نفیس طریقے سے لکھے گئے جملے سیدھے دل میں اترتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتے ہیں۔ بالکل ویسے ہی جیسے ان کے دل و دماغ سے نکلے ہوئے ہوں۔
اپنی شاعرانہ طبیعت کے پیش نظر انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی قوتوں سے ناول میں اپنی شاعری کے جوہر دکھائے ہیں اور ناول کے حسن کو چار چاند لگا دیئے ہیں اور ناول میں جہاں جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیا گیا ہے۔ طوالت کو مد نظر رکھا گیا ہے وہاں شاعری سے ٹھندی ہوا جیسی طراوت محسوس ہوتی ہے۔ نو لکھی کوٹھی میں شامل ایک نظم، جس نے سارا ماحول بدل کر رکھ دیا، اس کا کچھ حصہ ملاحظہ ہو:
"نومبر ہمیشہ اداس ہوتا ہے
رکا ہوا، مطمئن اور بے نیاز
اس کی وادی میں صبح ہوتی ہے، دوپہر سہ پہر
پھر شام آ جاتی ہے
مگر دھوپ کا مزاج نہیں بدلتا
آسمان کی طرح پر وقار بزرگی والا
زندگی نومبر کی طرح نہیں
زندگی بدلتی ہے، متواتر بدلتی ہے
وہ تجھے نومبر میں نہیں رہنے دے گی
دھوپ غبار آلود ہو جائے گی
صاف نظر آنے والی چیزیں دھندلا جائیں گی
پھر سیاہ ہو جائیں گی
پھر اندھیرا کھا جائے گا
اس وقت جب میں نہیں ہوں گا
دوست کوشش کرنا نومبر نہ گزرے
Sahih al-Bukhari a collection of ahadith of Mohammad (PUUH) compiled by Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Bukhari, has been given great importance by the Muslim scholars of past and present time. Many detailed commentaries on this collection have been written So the number of methods have been increased during the commentary of this book. Some of them explained it in detail, and some concerned with a particular aspect. “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” by Imam Alkirmani is an old explanation of Sahih Bukhari. Many commentators came after Imam Alkirmani consulted his book, and quoted his statements in their books; sometimes agreeing, and at other times contravention. Imam Alkirmani was among those scholars who were expert in many fields at a time like know-ledge about hadith, its narrators, commentary, qiraat, Quranic science, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic language, Faith, medicine, history, geography, astronomy etc. During studying “Fath al Bari”I found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar criticized on the commentary of Alkirmani at many times in relating to the continuation and discount-inuation of traditions. In this article I studied these comments of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar on Imam Alkirmani a critical comparison. After research I have found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar has consulted “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” and quoted Imam Alkirmani’s commentary and added it. This article approves that the opinion of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar is more reliable than Imam Alkirmani.
The graphene study has become the most interested topic owing to its exceptional properties. Graphene brings dramatic changes in the possessions of composites, when it is used even at very low concentration. Though, the heterogeneous distribution of graphene in the matrix is its main drawback to be used as filler in the polymer composites. The strong intermolecular forces of graphene result in agglomeration of graphene in the host the polymer matrix. The surface of graphene is functionalized by different functional groups to reduce the π-π stacking to prevent the agglomeration of graphene. The main objective of this work was to develop an easy method for synthesizing the graphenebased polymer nanocomposites. To get the graphene-based nanocomposites, first graphene was exfoliated by using liquid-phase exfoliation in different organic solvents. Picric acid was also used as a surfactant. The addition of picric acid has doubled the concentration in most of solvents tested. Moreover, graphene oxide was produced by using Hummers’ methods, modified Hummers’ method and Brodie method. The results indicate that modified Hummers’ method is the best one among the three methods. In next step polyaniline was grafted on few layer graphene (FLG), and polyaniline grafted fewlayer graphene (PANI-g-FLG) samples were then blended with polyetherimide. The addition of PANI-g-FLG introduced the conductive behavior in the insulative polymer. The maximum dielectric constant (3.72 × 105) and AC conductivity (5.91 × 10−2 S⋅cm−1) were achieved at 1.5 wt.% of the FLG concentration. Moreover, polyaniline grafted few layer graphene was also added in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by solution blending method. The tensile strength was enhanced 62 % for the composites as compared to pure PVA. The dielectric constant was enhanced from 3.29 of pure PVA to 5.14 × 1004 (at 1000Hz) for nanocomposites having 0.5 wt.% FLG loading. Similarly, AC conductivity increased from 9.05 × 10−9 for pure PVA to 2.17 × 10−2 S⋅cm−1 (at 1000Hz) for composites having 0.5 wt.% FLG loading. The PANI-g-FLG was also combined with polystyrene to prepare nanocomposites with varying concentration of FLG (0 to 2 wt.%). The tensile strength was doubled for the composites as compared to pure polystyrene. The graphene oxide produced by modified Hummers’ method was further functionalized and incorporated into the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare nanocomposites. The concentration of PANI-g-GO were varied from 0 to 2.5 wt.% in the nanocomposites. The tensile strength was enhanced 60% for the composites as compared to pure diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. The dielectric constant was improved from 1 to 8 and AC conductivity increased from 1.05 × 10−8 S⋅cm−1 for pure to 6.15 × 10−8 S⋅cm−1 (at 1000Hz) for composites having 2.5 wt.% FLG loading. These results provide a possibility of using flexible nanocomposites as a dielectric material to be applied for energy storage devices such as embedded capacitors.