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Study of Electrical Discharges and Plasma Generation in Different Gases

Thesis Info

Author

Shagufta Naureen

Department

Physics Deptt UET

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Public

Campus Location

UET Main Campus

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2001

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

107 HB, ill.; diagrs.; tabs.

Subject

Engineering

Language

English

Other

Call No: 621.324 S 1 S

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712575345

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Chapter 5: Comparative Study of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad’s Thoughts

Methodology of Prophetic Revolution

            Dr. Isrār Aḥmad is unique in giving the idea of a Prophetic Revolution to the present society. Various scholars have given different ideas on it. Let us first see what Dr. Isrār has said about it.

            In his lectures, he describes six phases of the Islamic/Prophetic Revolution which are:-

(1) Invitation(Da‘vat)

(2) Organization(Tanẓīm)

(3) Training(Tarbiyyat)

(4) Absolute Patience(Ṣabr-e-Maḥiḍ) and Non-violence

(5) Step Forward(Iqdām) and Challenge

(6) Armed Conflict, i. e. Musallah kashmakash/Qitāl fī Sabīl-e-Allāh[1]

First Phase: Invitation (Da‘vat)

            Dr. Isrār Aḥmad is of the view that as a first stage of the revolution there should be some novel idea; some revolutionary philosophy that should be spread and presented before the people who should be convinced in their minds about the usefulness of this idea through arguments and reasoning. [2]

            All the Islamic Movements working in society today consider INVITATION(Da‘vat) as the first phase and there is no difference of opinion about it. When the holy Prophet (SAWS) himself started his work; he first invited the people towards Dīn and presented an ideology before them. MaulānāṢafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakpūrī(d:1428A. H/2007A. D) in his book Al-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm divides Prophetic life into two parts;

  1. Makkan Life
  2. Medinite Life

He has divided Makkan's life further into three phases;

  1. The phase of Secret Invitation.
  2. The phase of Open Invitation and preaching amongst Makkans.
  3. The phase of Popularity and spreading of Islamic Invitation outside Makkah. [3]

       The above facts indicate that the holy Prophet (SAWS) started his mission with an invitation and the...

سورۃ نور کے تناظر میں مفتی محمد شفیع ؒ کےفقہی طرزاستدلال

Mufti Muhammad Shafi's tafseer is an important and educational extract in the Quranic field. Tafseer Muarif ul Quran has its own relevance and rank amongst others. This tafseer concentrates on current fiqhi issues and gives their solutions with strong signs It is also discussed social issues of the society. This article examines the fiqhi style and qualities of Mufti shafi "especially the study of Surah Noor" which are prominent factors of the Tafseer. This Tafseer has converted difficult terms and words into easy ways and elaborated Quranic verses with Hadith and old translations.

Analytical Study of Community Development Programs for Socio-Economic Development in Pakistan

According to Sustainable Development Policy Institute (2014), Pakistan "58.7 million people in Pakistan are living in multidimensional poverty with 46 per cent of rural population and 18 per cent of urban households falling below the poverty line." Practices of International Development have flagged community development programs as means to improve the living standard of people. Community development programs can provide opportunities to local people to improve the socio-economic conditionandalso use the existing recourses in better way. It is an approach that aims to bring about the changes in the Society. These changes are actually planned at development of the Society. It aims at all-around development people. It means at involving people, particularly of the areas in the development activities. The most broadly understood definition of the term was developed by United Nation organization: " Community Development refers to the process by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those Governmental authorities to improve the economic social and cultural conditions of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national progress”. The development proposes that the emerging nations move through a series of phases of evolution towards modernization is on the basis of social , political and economic stabilization. Nowadays in the world, every country considers community development as an important approach for public development ,therefore; every country attempts to implement several programs of community development to improve the living standard of communities. Community development concept has been adopted rapidly by a variety ofdonor agencies as well as by many national governments in the world. A number of modest national community development programs were implemented primarily in British Africa around 1948. The first major community development program was initiated in India in 1952 with the support from Ford Foundation and the United States Foreign Economic Assistance Agencies. From the inception of Pakistan up to the present day, Government of Pakistan and Internationaland National Non- Government Organizations(NGOs) have implemented a number ofcommunity development programs in whole country as means to develop the living standard of people in the country. This thesis explores the impacts and contributions of community development programs for socio- economic development in Pakistan. The study includes case studies, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with Government officials ,NGOs staff and beneficiaries in the field. Recommendations will be made as to the best practices of community development programs for policy makers and NGOs to improve the living standard of people in the country.