روشن امکانات کی شاعرہ: فضا موسیٰ
ڈاکٹر رحمت علی شادؔ
ہجر اثاثہ رہ جائے گا درد خلاصہ رہ جائے گا
شعر نگر میں نام ہمارا اچھا خاصا رہ جائے گا
شہرِ فرید میں جنم لینے والی ایک نو عمر، دوسروں سے ذرا ہٹ کر سوچنے والی، عام لوگوں سے قدرے مختلف مگر سنجیدہ، ہونہار، باشعور اور روشن امکانات کی ابھرتی ہوئی شاعرہ فضاؔ موسیٰ پاک پتن کی شعری فضا میں ایک خوش گوار اور کیف پرور جھونکے سے کسی طرح کم نہیں ان کا تازہ شعری مجموعہ’’ فضا سے کہنا‘‘ منصہ شہود پر آنے کے لیے بے قرار ہے۔ ان کا کلام پڑھنے کے بعد راقم اس نتیجے پر پہنچا ہے کہ ان کی غزلیات کے کچھ مصرعے اور اشعار اپنے تیکھے پن، ندرتِ خیال، پختگی فکر ، داخلیت اور خارجیت سے بھرپور رومانوی انداز لیے چونکا دینے کے ساتھ ساتھ دعوتِ فکر دیتے ہوئے نظر آتے ہیں۔
فضاؔ موسیٰ عہدِ جدید کی ایک منفرد لب و لہجے کی حامل شاعرہ ہیں جنھوں نے بالکل تھوڑے عرصے میں اپنی ذہنی اپج سے پاک پتن کی ادبی فضا میں اپنی نمایاں انفرادیت اور اپنا شعری تشخص قائم کیا ہے۔رومانوی فضائوں میں فضا کی شاعری عشق و محبت کی داستان لیے اپنی تمام تر رعنائیوں اور لوازمات کے ساتھ جلوہ گر ہے۔ ان کی غزلیات میں محبت کے مختلف رنگ جا بجا بکھرے نظر آتے ہیں، کبھی کبھی یوں محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ وہ زندگی کے کئی رازوں سے آشنا ہیں اور اس طرح وہ اپنے باطنی احساسات و جذبات کو حقیقت کا روپ دینے پر قادر نظر آتی ہیں۔ عشق و محبت کے کئی کئی رنگ ان کے کلام کا جزو لا ینفک ہیں۔ محبت اور محبت کے رنگوں کے متعلق وہ لکھتی ہیں:
جینے کا سامان محبت گر بخشے مسکان محبت
ساتوں رنگ ہیں اس دنیا...
The Trope (المجاز) is one of the vital chapters in the Eloquence of Arabic Language and its Rhetoric. It has two kinds; the Linguistic Trope/figuration and the Mental Trope/ figuration. In this article I concentrated on Mental Trope and all of its concerned motives in detail with examples of Quranic Verses and Prophetic Hadiths and Arabic Poetry. I have also discussed the view point of Abd Al-Qahir Al-Jurjani and Al-Khatib- Al-Quziani about Mental Trope/ figuration and its Rhetoric mysteries. I also shed light on academic ambivalences and differences in their view points. Furthermore, I have discussed the motives of Mental Trope in the negative mode and elaborated mental/rational circumstances in the negative mode in the light of views of Abd Al-Qahir Al-Jurjani and Saad ul din Al- Taftazani. At the end of this article I have mentioned Mental Trope’s presumptions and concluded the article with best positive sequences.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the levels of anxiety, depression, and meaning of life and degree of religiosity in clinical and non-clinical groups. The clinical group (n=250) comprised individuals suffering from GAD, OCD and MDD and the non-clinical group (n=250) consisted of those who were not suffering from any psychological disorder. The groups were compared in terms of their degrees of religiosity and meaning of life. The sample (N=500) was purposive, comprising equal number of males and females, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years (M=29.86, SD=8.10) and with educational level of graduation (14 years of schooling) or higher than that, which was taken from hospitals and other areas of Peshawar. It was hypothesized that the clinical group would have lower degrees of religiosity and meaning of life than the non-clinical group and that females would have higher degrees of religiosity and meaning of life as compared to males. The respondents’ degree of religiosity was determined by their scores obtained through the Index of Religiosity (IR). Their meaning of life was assessed through Life Regard Index-R (LRI-R). IPAT Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to measure the levels of anxiety and depression respectively. The data was statistically analyzed by using t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise regression. The results show that the non-clinical group had a significantly higher level of religiosity (t = 10.616, p = .000, d = .95) and meaning of life (t = 31.84, p = .000,d = 2.85) than the clinical group. Religiosity was found to be significantly (p <.01) negatively correlated with anxiety (r = -.50) and depression (r = -.49). Similarly meaning of life was also significantly (p <.01) negatively correlated with anxiety (r = -.86) and depression (r = -.71). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that meaning of life is the strongest negative predictor of both anxiety and depression. The females had a significantly higher level of religiosity than males (t = 3.991, p = .000, d = .31). The females scored higher on IPAT Anxiety scale and BDI-II but lower on LRI-R as compared to males. The gender differences were low and non-significant with small effect sizes in anxiety (t = 1.430, p = .153, d = 0.13), depression (t = .518, p = .605,d = 0.04) and meaning of life (t = .663, p = .508, d = 0.06). The main hypotheses were supported by the study. It is concluded that individuals suffering from GAD, OCD and MDD experience lower levels of religiosity and meaning of life and females live through more religious lives. Females are only marginally more anxious and depressed than males and the males demonstrate slightly higher level of meaning of life than females. The study has implications for clinicians and general public.