الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل
مسلم لیگ اورجمعیتہ العلمائے ہند دونوں ملک کی موقر اورباعظمت مسلم جماعتیں ہیں۔افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ دونوں جماعتوں کے صدر چند روزکے فصل سے راہی ملک بقاہوگئے۔ان دونوں بزرگوں کی وفات ایک عظیم ملّی حادثہ ہے جس کی تلافی عرصہ تک ہوسکے گی۔الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل نہایت لائق وقابل اوربڑے معاملہ فہم اور سوجھ بوجھ کے انسان تھے۔ان کی قابلیت کایہ عالم تھا کہ پارلیمنٹ میں جس کے ممبر وہ سالہائے سال سے تھے مالیاتی اورتجارتی مسائل و معاملات پران کی تقریر بڑی توجہ سے سنی جاتی تھی۔تقسیم کے بعدمسلم لیگ سمٹ سمٹاکر مدراس اورکیرالا میں محدود ہوکر رہ گئی تھی۔مرحوم اس کے صدر منتخب ہوئے اور آخر تک رہے۔مرحوم نے اس جماعت کواس خوبی سے چلایاکہ اس نے ملک کی سیاسی اورجمہوری جماعتوں سے اہم سیاسی معاملات میں برابر اشتراک و تعاون کیا اورحدیہ ہے کہ ایک مرتبہ وزیراعظم کی زبان سے اقرار کرالیاکہ مسلم لیگ فرقہ وارانہ جماعت نہیں ہے۔انگریزی میں ان کی تقریر بڑی پُرمغز،مدلل اور موثرہوتی تھی۔یہ کمال ان کاہی تھا کہ تقسیم سے پہلے مسلم لیگ کاجو رول اور نظریہ رہاہے مرحوم تقسیم کے بعد میں اس کو بڑی جرأت وجسارت سے صحیح ثابت کرتے اورہندوؤں کے بڑے بڑے مجمعوں میں اس کی مقبولیت پرمدلل تقریر کرتے اوراس کے باوجود ہرطبقہ اورہرپارٹی میں عزت کی نظرسے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ان اوصاف وکمالات کے علاوہ بڑے متدین،متشرع،خوش اخلاق ومتواضع اورمخلص تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔آمین
[مئی۱۹۷۲ء]
The world has been changing ever since its creation, yet the pace of change in the last one hundred years or so has been the most rapid ever. The effects of these changes were beyond the limitations of time and region and therefore they directly affected the Muslim world as well. Muslim scholars did not ignore these changes and realized their responsibilities and wrote books of Sīrah which provided guidance in connection with these rapid changes and conditions. This research has highlight an important issue of the conflict between religions, its inception, history and primarily focused on the opinions of the authors of selected books of Sῑrah written in recent past. This research has also elaborated the modern approaches in Sῑrah writing. The study has mainly focused on significant Sῑrah books of three languages i.e. Arabic, English and Urdu. These books include Fiqh Al Sῑrah by Muḥammad Sa’īd Ramaḍān Al Būtī, Fiqh Al Sῑrah by Muḥammad Al Ghazālī, Madnī Mu‘āshrah by Akram Ḍīā Al ‘Umrī, The Life and the Work of the Prophet by Dr. Muḥammad Ḥamīdullāh, The Spirit of Islam by Sayīd Amīr ‘Alī, Muhammad A Biography of Prophet by Karen Armstrong, Sīrah Al Nabī by ‘Allāmah Shiblī Nu’mānī, Aṣaḥ Al Sῑyar by ‘Abdul Raūf Dānāpūrī, Ḍīā Al Nabī by Pīr Muḥammad Karam Shāh, Sīrati Sarwari ‘Alam by Abūl A‘lā Mūdūdī, Raḥmatullil'ālamīn by Qāḍī Muhammad Sulymān Manṣūrpūrī and Muḥammad Rasūlallāh by Sayīd Muḥammad Mīyān.
The purpose of this research is to present efficient novel techniques in contactless thermal surveillance by devising and developing two prototype Thermal Infrared Field Gradient Detection Scanning Systems by using thermal sensors. Signals from Pyroelectric Infrared (PEIR) sensors based Scanning System-1 are analyzed for recognition of thermal gradient patterns to surveil for thermally contrasted stationary and dynamic objects in multiple active Fresnel zones (AFZs) including subzones. The advantage of surveillance in thermal infrared perspective over the visible spectrum realm lies in the fact that all objects above absolute zero emit thermal radiations, with thermal contrast in an AFZ the gradient can be effectively determined by using multi-element pyroelectric infrared sensors. Another prototype open-air thermal gradient scanning system is developed based on Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) thermopile sensing array. This system is used to steer the trespasser in a quiescent vicinity by the detection of wave flow in the gravity induced carbon dioxide, which causes phase delay in density gradients at three spatial locations. The objective of this research is to analyze the first scanning system for up to four active monitoring Fresnel regions for static thermal gradients caused by thermal absorption or emission by living and non-living things and due to the movement of homeothermic body or its constituents in thermally contrasted regions in 8–14μm wide infrared bandwidth. The second scanning system analyze concentration gradient in 4.26μm narrow-band infrared region. In the first thermal scanning system, the gyratory mask-aperture maps a narrow scanning beam on the pyroelectric sensing elements through each lens of a linear Fresnel lens array. The signals from the system are linear field thermograms that are used for localization and thermal field gradients signatures analysis of stationary and dynamic objects. Discrete multilevel and continuous level thermal field analysis have been performed using three different types of pyroelectric sensors, LHI-968, LHI-1148, LHI- 1128 and NDIR thermopile sensor TPD-2T-0625-G2G20, have been used in the Scanning System-2. Thermal analysis of the pyroelectric sensor, transient and harmonic V mathematical models for the sensors and the systems are also presented to establish theoretical basis and to understand the operation of the systems. Robust Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Multiclass Support Vector Machines (MSVMs) algorithms with Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) heuristic have been utilized with distinctive lower bounded Short-Time Fourier-Transform (STFT) vector reduction algorithm to abridge recognition time in measuring dynamic distances and feature extraction. In second scanning system the direction of intrusion is determined by numerically estimating Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of the wave at three sensing nodes that utilized generalized correlation with phase transform technique. Scanning System-1 has been demonstrated to identify thermal gradient of stationary objects in multiple AFZs and recognized thermal patterns with over 95% true recognition rate using only one pyroelectric sensor. Dynamic objects across Fresnel zones and within sub Fresnel zones and their intermission state have been successfully identified with recognition rate of more than 94% using three pyroelectric sensors. For Scanning System- 2, the steering angle of the source is successfully estimated with recognition rate of more than 92%. Evaluation of these scanning systems shown promising results and the author suggests further research can be made in this field.