اسلام زندہ ہوتا ہے ہر کربلا کے بعد
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
صدر بزم و معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے ،وہ کچھ یوں ہے:
’’اسلام زندہ ہوتا ہے ہر کربلا کے بعد ‘‘
معزز سامعین!
تاریخ حق و باطل میں خیر و شر کے لاکھوں معرکے ہوئے، ہزاروں شہادتیں ہوئیں۔ اسلام کا اوّلین دور لاتعداد شہادتوں سے لبریز ہے مگر جو شہرت حضرت امام حسین ؓ کو حاصل ہوئی وہ کسی اور کو نصیب نہ ہو سکی۔ آج تک کسی شہادت کو اس قدر شہرت، قبول عام اور ہمہ تذکرہ نصیب نہ ہو سکا جتنا امام حسین ؓ کو ہوا ہے۔ تقریباً ساڑھے تیرہ سو سال گزرنے کے باوجودبھی شہادت امام حسین ؓکا ذکر زندہ و تابندہ ہے۔ حسینیت ہر طبقے میں حق اور یزید یت ہر طبقے میں فتنہ و فساد کی علامت بن گئی ہے۔
حاضرین محفل!
جب یزید تخت نشین ہوا تو اس نے اپنے اقتدار کی راہ میں حائل ہر رکاوٹ کو بڑی بے دردی اورسختی سے دور کرنا شروع کر دیا۔ اسے اپنی راہ میں سب سے بڑی رکاوٹ حضرت امام حسینؓ محسوس ہوئے تھے تو اس نے گورنر مد ینہ کو حکم دیا کہ امام حسین ؓکے پاس جا کر میری بیعت طلب کرو۔ گورنر مدینہ نے حضرت امام حسین ؓکو یزید کا پیغام پہنچایا تو آپ ؓنے صاف انکار کر دیا۔ یہ آپ ؓنے اس لیے کیا کہ آپ ؓ کو اپنے نانا جان حضوراکرمؐ کا فرمان یاد تھا ’’کہ ظالم جابر حکمران کے سامنے کلمہ حق کہنا سب سے بڑا جہاد ہے۔‘‘ تاریخ کے غائر مطالعہ سے جو چیز واضح طور پر ہمارے سامنے آتی ہے وہ یہ ہے...
The study investigated the relationship of the multiple intelligences of the Bachelor of Secondary Education students and their teachers in their major subjects. Four hundred eighty-five (485) BSED students and twenty-two (22) teachers in their respective major subjects participated. The result demonstrates statistically significant in the multiple intelligences of the Bachelors of Secondary Education Major in Technology and Livelihood Education and Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health and their teachers in their respective major subjects. However, result also demonstrates no significance in the multiple intelligences of the Bachelors of Secondary Education Major in Filipino, English, and Mathematics and their teachers in their respective major subjects. The study shows that the dominant intelligences of the BSED students and their teachers in their major subjects are the interpersonal, intrapersonal, and their suited intelligences for their major subjects. The result evidently showed that the BSED students and their major teachers are people and self smart. This only shows that as a teacher, one should know how to socialize appropriately with others and have a deeper understanding with themselves. It also showed that the teachers are really smarter than their students in their major field of specialization. Educators must also consider the multiple intelligences of their students to fully develop their learning capabilities.
The present study titled An Analytical Study of the Archaeological Discoveries from Bhamāla, Taxila focusses on the recent archaeological discoveries made during the three seasons of excavations carried out at the Buddhist site of Bhamāla by the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology, Hazara University (Mansehra), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA from 2012 to 2016. Bhamāla, one of the most important Buddhist sites, is located on the right bank of the Haro River in Khānpur (a sub-valley of Taxila). The site was first excavated by Sir John Marshall in 1930-31. But his brief report had left many questions that awaited answers using the material from the same site. Excavation at Bhamāla was resumed after about eight decades. Our excavation aimed at reconfirming the dates assigned by Sir John Marshall and establishing the archaeological profile of the site with scientific and latest archaeological methods. Our excavations at Bhamāla, on one hand, resulted in many remarkable discoveries in the history of Buddhist art and architecture in Gandhāra, and raised many new questions on the other. The subject of this dissertation covers both those unanswered questions as well as new questions raised by the important discoveries made during the most recent excavations. To address these questions precisely, we have divided this dissertation in eight chapters. In chapter one, an introduction to the present research and methodology is given. The second chapter gives a review of all available literature relevant to the subject of dissertation. An Overall review of the archaeological findings at the site of Bhamāla is provided in Chapter Three. Chapter Four deals with the detailed analyses of the structural remains including the main stupas A & B flanked by chapels, votive stupas, the Parinirvāṇa chamber and the monastic establishments. A comparative and scientific (material) analyses of the terracotta sculptures reported during our recent excavations is given in chapter Five. Chapter Six presents a detailed analysis of the stucco sculptures from Bhamāla. Chapter seven deals with the numismatic evidences discovered during our recent excavations at the site. Chapter Eight is a detailed summary and discussion of the information presented in the preceding chapters. The Conclusion is followed by my suggestions for further archaeological research at Bhamāla.