مولوی محمد مسعود خاں
افسوس ہے کہ ۳؍ جولائی ۲۰۰۲ء کو مشہور قومی کارکن مولوی محمد مسعود خاں ایک سڑک حادثے میں دہلی میں وفات پاگئے، وہ ایک دین دار گھرانے کے فرد تھے، ان کے بڑے بھائی مولانا محمد سعید خاں شبلی نیشنل اسکول میں ہڈ مولوی اور سلسلۂ نقشبندیہ مجددیہ کے شیخ طریقت تھے، جن کی ذات سے لوگوں کو بڑا فیض پہنچا، مسعود خاں صاحب نے شروع میں دینی تعلیم حاصل کی، پھر بی۔اے ایل ایل بی کر کے اعظم گڑھ کی کلکٹری کچہری میں وکالت شروع کی۔
قوم و ملت کی خدمت کی جانب ان کا طبعی میلان تھا، اس لیے وکالت کے ساتھ اپنے جدید وطن منگراواں کے مکتب کو عربی مدرسہ کی شکل دے دی، ہر سال گرمیوں میں اس کے جلسے کراتے جن میں جمعیۃ علمائے ہند کے جنرل سکریٹری مولانا محمد حفظ الرحمن سیوہارویؒ بھی تشریف لاتے تھے۔
جمعیۃ علما سے تعلق کے باوجود وہ کانگریس سے اس کے متعصبانہ اور مسلم دشمن رویے کی بنا پر سخت بیزار تھے، اس لیے مسلم مجلس میں شامل ہوگئے تھے، لیکن ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی کے انتقال کے بعد اس کے حصے بخرے ہوگئے، تو انہوں نے چودہری چرن سنگھ کی پارٹی کا انتخاب کرلیا اور وفات تک اسی کے ساتھ تھے، اس وقت لوک دل (اجیت) کی ریاستی شاخ کے صدر تھے، ان میں بڑی تنظیمی صلاحیت تھی اور وہ ایک ایمان دار اور عملی آدمی تھے، اس کی وجہ سے پارٹی میں ان کا وزن تسلیم کیا جاتا تھا، اس کے ٹکٹ پر وہ کئی بار یو۔پی اسمبلی کے ممبر منتخب ہوئے، پھر راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر ہوئے، اس وقت بھی یو پی کونسل کے ممبر تھے۔
۱۹۷۷ء میں مسٹر رام نریش یادو کی سربراہی میں اترپردیش میں جنتا پارٹی کی حکومت بنی تو مسعود خاں پی۔ڈبلو۔ڈی منسٹر ہوئے اور...
Loans or credits offered by Kopdit credit unions are a potential source of funds that need to be developed, to help accelerate the home industry and the micro and small economies. Therefore, we want to see the impact of several conditions such as the loan interest rate, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and economic growth. Quite a number of studies have looked at the impact of interest rates, GDP growth, inflation rates and economic growth on loans or credits to banks or banking institutions. We do not look at credit or loans from banks, but on Kopdit credit unions (CU). The results of our research show that simultaneously the loan interest rate, GDP growth, inflation rate and economic growth have a strong enough influence on loans at Credit Union Credit Unions, namely 79.2454%. Partially the variable of loan interest rate, GDP growth per capita, inflation rate affects outstanding loans, while economic growth partially has no effect on outstanding loans.
Grapefruit is an important fruit crop in the world as well as in Pakistan. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different harvesting dates, storage temperatures, and pre-storage treatments of hot water, wax coating, pre-harvest spray of SA and Me JA on the shelf life and quality of Ray Ruby and Shamber grapefruit. The fruits harvested in month of December showed higher biochemical constituents than the fruits harvested during September, October, November and January. The fruits stored at 8ºC and analysed after 90 days storage showed minimum chilling injuries (3.55 and 3.22%) than the fruits stored at 6ºC (11.44 and 10.22%) in Ray Ruby and Shamber respectively. The fruits stored at 8ºC showed higher levels of TSS (6.67 and 6.97 ºBrix), ascorbic acids (38.87 and 39.21 mg/100g), total sugars (6.93 and 7.54 %), reducing sugars (4.33 and 4.93 %), non-reducing sugars (1.85 and1.08%), total phenolic compounds (135.35 and 141.56 mg GAE/100g), total antioxidants (57.56 and 61.97%), total cartotenoids (15.20 and13.81 mg/100g), total flavonoids contents (43.24 and 47.28 mgCEQ/100g ) and total limonin contents (10.18 and 12.84 μg/mL) 90 days after storage in Ray Ruby and Shamber fruits, respectively. Sweetness, sourness and general acceptances measured by sensory evaluation showed that the fruits stored at 8ºC were preferred by the panellist than the fruits stored at 6ºC as well as to those kept intact on the trees. Hot water treatment for 3 min + TBZ for 5 min showed higher TSS (6.82 and 6.98 ºBrix), ascorbic acids (34.43 and 43.50 mg/100g), total sugars (5.06 and 6.44%), reducing sugars (4.62 and 4.44%), nonreducing sugars (2.02 and 1.99%), TSS/acidity ratios (5.57 and 4.77), maximum organoleptic scores and higher phytonutrients such as total phenolic compounds (145.80 and149.90 mgGAE/100g), total antioxidants (57.25 and 60.44 %), total carotenoids (14.49 and 16.36 mg/100g), total flavonoids contents (49.03 and 51.98 mgCEQ/100g) and total limonin contents (11.97 and 10.99 μg/mL) with lower chilling injuries (0.66 and 0.44%) and fruit rots (4.44 and 3.88%) than untreated fruits in Ray Ruby and Shamber, respectively. Chitosan application @ 140 mg per -1 fruit maintained highest fruit quality parameters such as TSS values (6.93 and 7.21ºBrix), ascorbic acids (36.30 and 38.38 mg/100g), total sugars (6.24 and 6.67 %), reducing sugars (4.47, 4.71%), non-reducing sugars (1.76, 1.96%), TSS/acidity ratios (5.25 and 6.00) after 90 days storage in fruits of both cultivars. Maximum organoleptic scores, total phenolic compound (172.32 and 176.43 mgGAE/100g), total antioxidants (72.09 and 75.96 %), total carotenoids (17.09 and 18.98 mg/100g), total flavonoids contents (52.27 and 59.50 mgCEQ/100g ) and total 2 limonin contents (15.08 and 12.87 μg/mL) with minimum chilling injuries (1.58 and 1.33%) and fruit rots (0.66 and 0.33%) were also measured in same fruits. Pre-harvest sprays of SA@ 12mM and MeJA @ 5 mM showed higher biochemical parameters such as TSS (5.92 and 5.83, 6.17 and 6.09ºBrix), ascorbic acids (35.86 and 35.86, 39.17 and 39.17 mg/100g), total sugars (5.88 and 5.77, 6.31 and 6.18 %), reducing sugars (3.74 and 3.64% ,4.05 and 3.96%) and non-reducing sugars (2.14 and 2.14, 2.26 and 2.12%), TSS/acidity ratio values (4.29 and 4.67, 5.82 and 5.38 ) in fruits of Ray Ruby and Shamber respectively after 90 days storage. Maximum organoleptic scores for overall acceptance (7.33, 7.22 and 7.66,7.44) and higher total phenolic compounds (166.29 and 165.76,170.48 and 167.28 mgGAE/100g), total antioxidants (72.63 and 71.37, 75.34 and 74.21%), Total carotenoids (16.40 and 16.32,18.09 and 18.03 mg/100g), total flavonoids contents (55.74 and 53.43,58.30 and 56.04 mgCEQ/100g) and total limonin contents (11.95 and 12.04, 10.66, 10.78 μg/mL) with minimum chilling injuries (1.57 and 1.42 %, 0.0 and 0.0%) and fruit rots (4.23 and 3.90%, 0 and 0 %) were also recorded in same fruits. On the basis of the result of this study, the Ist December was observed as an optimum time for harvesting of grapefruit varities Ray Ruby and Shamber. Pre-harvest sprays of SA @ 12mM and MeJA @ 5Mm, pre- storage hot water treatment (53°C) for 3 mins + TBZ for 5 mints and Chitosan @ 140 mg per-1 fruit and storage temperature of 8°C was found the best for maintaining phytonutrient quality of grapefruit cultivars Ray Ruby and Shamber for 90 days storage.