EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR TENSION TYPE HEADACHE

Background of the Study: Multiple Physical Therapy approaches have recently been developed and reported in the literature for providing better results in the treatment regimens of tension-type headaches. The advancement in the field of Physical therapy towards the treatment approaches of tension-type headaches has become the driving force for writing this article. Methodology: Studies comparing the effects of physical therapy management with conventional treatment approaches are included in the meta-analysis. PRISMA guidelines were used for performing the qualitative analysis and assessment of risk of biases. Results: According to the findings of nine randomized controlled trials, the analysis of the results had revealed that physical therapy intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in reducing headache severity. In a random effect model, the pool effects of physical therapy strategies in terms of Standardized Mean Difference had an impact of 1.41, which according to a Cohen rule of thumb displays a larger effect of physical therapy management in significant decrease in pain intensity among tension-type headache patients Conclusion: The study has concluded that physical therapy-based management strategies as provided in several RCTs analyzed in this review article revealed a pool effect of moderate size in managing the frequency of pain and a larger effect size in managing pain intensity and duration. Further, it was concluded that tension-type headaches can be effectively managed through physical therapy-based approaches.

Islamic Vs Conventional Banking in Pakistan Financial Performance Evaluation Using ?M-Scales?

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to evaluate and explore the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. The study discovers the effecting variable(s) on the financial performance of banking sector of Pakistan. The research study has conducted an analysis using ?M-SCALES? for Islamic and conventional banking sector. Methodology/Design/Approach: Primary and secondary data collection is applied to gather the data. A primary data based study from 105 respondents from Islamic and conventional banking executives/advisors has been conducted to collect data for ?Shariah Compliance? variable on 5-point likert scale. Secondary data collected for CAMELS model from financial reports of selected banks. ROA and ROE are used as a proxy for performance. 2-Stage Least Square (2-SLS) model is used to investigate the relationship between financial performance and CAMELS approach, with Shariah Compliance as an instrumental variable. Findings: The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship among earnings, sensitivity and performance (ROA and ROE) of banking sector. The study also found significant relation between ROE and asset quality. The F-statistic being significant indicates reasonable overall fit at the 5% level of significance for both models. Research Limitations: Islamic banking industry have limited banks operating in Pakistan and from six (6) banks we have limitisizaed to five (5) Islamic banks due to the Burj Bank has been merged into Al Baraka Bank Pakistan effective 1st November, 2016. MCB Islamic Bank Limited added with 8 branches as of 30 June, 2016. Managerial Implications: The study assist investor?s and decision making authorities of domestic and international banks to have a better look of Islamic banking and conventional sector banks performance.