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Development and Implementation of Community Files System

Thesis Info

Author

Rana Abdul Hameed

Department

Department of Computer Science and Engineering; UET

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Public

Campus Location

UET Main Campus

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2001

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

88 .: ill.; diagram ; Tables ; 25 cm.

Subject

Computering

Language

English

Other

Include references.; Call No: 005.43 A 32 D

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 23:17:12

ARI ID

1676712667290

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54. Al-Qamar/The Moon

54. Al-Qamar/The Moon

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

54:01
a. The Last Hour has drawn near,
b. and the moon has been split open.

54:02
a. But whenever they see a Sign, they turn away, and mock:
b. Just the ‘same old deception, continuing!’

54:03
a. And they belie it and follow their whims.
b. But every matter will reach its proper end - so they will know the truth.

54:04
a. Certainly enough of the narratives of the fate of the former disbelieving nations would have
already come in which there is deterrence,

54:05
a. narratives full of far reaching wisdom,
b. yet the warnings do not benefit them.

54:06
a. So turn away from them.
b. The Time is going to come when the Caller will call all people to a horrible event;

54:07
a. with their eyes humbled, they will emerge out of their graves as if they were swarms of locust, looking confused and bewildered,

54:08
a. scrambling in a stampede and rushing towards the Caller.
b. The disbelievers will say remorsefully:
c. ‘This is such a difficult time!’

54:09
a. Before them the People of Noah too had belied OUR Messages and Messenger,
b. and they belied OUR servant Noah, and alleged:

c. ‘He is insane!’
d. And he was rebuked and prevented from advocacy.

54:10
a. So he appealed to his Rabb - The Lord in utter helplessness:
b. ‘I have certainly been overpowered.
c. So help’ me!

Principles of Effective Management according to Quran and Sunnah

The aim of this conceptual paper is throw light on Islamic principles for effective human resource management. A qualitative approach was applied. The extensive review of existing literature shows that Islamic principles of HRM gives due importance to manager-employee relationship which is beneficial for achieving organizational objectives. Some important and significant principles of Islamic human resource management are trust, sincerity, justice, consultation, equality, division of labour, delegation of authority and remuneration or payment of employees. Islamic management is based on mutual trust between managers and subordinates. Manager and worker should be sincere to organization. Selection and recruitment is based on merit. Justice is the most salient and important characteristics of Islamic management. Islam stresses on mutual consultation in order to resolve existing problem in the organization. Islamic principles of management are expected to benefit the organization, the employer and the employee. The study will contribute information and knowledge to the existing literature on Islamic human resource management. This study will highlight the scope and application of Islamic principles of HRM in developing effective management system.

Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Mcph Genes and its Implications in Human Brain Size and Intelligence.

Background: The enlarged and globular brain is the most distinctive anatomical feature in human evolution that set us apart from our extinct and extant modern human relatives. In a petite evolutionary time the magnitude of human brain is three fold expanded as compared to our closest living kin chimpanzee. Major episodes of human brain size expansion occurred during the upper Pliocene to early Pleistocene era and yet again in middle Pleistocene epochs. The exact genetic basis of these evolutionary changes that bifurcate the highly cognitive human brain from supposedly lesser cognitive nonhuman hominids brain still remain enigmatic. However, it is presumed that complex and larger human brain emerged by essential changes in genes and noncoding regulatory elements. One approach to comprehending the evolution of human brain is to scrutinize the evolution of genes indispensable for normal brain development. Although brain development is genetically complex process, genes associated with early brain development are the best candidate genes in order to understand the mechanism involved in the evolutionary expansion of human brain size. Primary microcephaly genes were selected as their key role in early brain development and mutations in these genes cause severe reduction in cerebral cortex size that is most notably expanded during recent human history. The brain size of microcephalic patients is similar with the size of Pan troglodyte brain and the very early hominid the gracile australopithecine Australopithecus afarensis (average brain size of Australopithecines is 450 cm3), suggesting that primary microcephaly genes likely to have been evolutionary targets in the enlargement of human brain evolution. In this study, the implications of primary microcephaly genes in the evolutionary enlargement of human brain size has been explored by executing a comprehensive evolutionary analysis on ten newly identified microcephaly genes (WDR62, STIL, CEP135, ZNF335, PHC1, CDK6, SASS6, MFSD2A, CIT, and KIF14) across 48 euthrian species. Subsequently also try to explored what are the mechanisms that associate the evolutionary expansion of human brain size with Parkinson‘s disease by studying the molecular evolution of Parkinson‘s disorder linkedalpha synuclein gene. Results: By employing codon substitutions site models based on maximum likelihood method, signatures of pervasive positive selection were identified in five MCPH genes (KIF14, ZNF335, SASS6, CIT and KIF14). For primates, positive selection was found solely in KIF14. Whereas, in nonprimate placental mammals four genes STIL, ZNF335, SASS6, and CIT have exhibit the signature of adaptive evolution. However, pervasive positive selection has acted in STIL, ZNF335 and KIF14 for placental mammals. This study also identified acceleration in the coding sequences of WDR62 and STIL for human terminal branch both by codon substitutions and frequency based methods. However, acceleration in STIL gene is not significant by codon substitutions based method. Furthermore, the signatures of divergent selection constraints between clades are significant for only two genes STIL and SASS6. In the present study, in an endeavor to elucidate whether and why Parkinson‘s disorder affects solely Homo sapiens. Evolutionary study of Parkinson‘s disease associated α synuclein gene revealed that α synuclein gene has been originated specifically at the root of jawed vertebrates and no evolutionary substitutions was accumulated in the α synuclein amino acid sequence during the last 35 million years of evolution. Furthermore, structural dynamics enlighten that during the course of vertebrate evolutionary history, region of amino terminal domain (32 to 58 amino acids) of α synuclein was continuously evolved at structural level, in spite of high sequence conservation at sequence level. Conclusion: This study concluded that evolutionary enlargement of human brain size during Pliocene-Pleistocene period might have not associated to the human MCPH coding sequences exclusively. The joint human specific changes in coding and noncoding regions of human microcephaly loci might have been conducive to the modification in the function of MCPH genes in humans that likely to be responsible for the human brain evolution during the last two million years. Current study on evolution of α synuclein gene provide that region encompassing 3258 amino acid residues of amino terminal domain is critical for normal cellular function and Parkinson‘s disease pathogenesis.