درد ملے تو رَنج ہی کیا ہے
درد بھی دل کی ایک دوا ہے
جس نے مجھ کو درد دیا ہے
اُس نے تو احسان کیا ہے
اُس کو جب تک دیکھ نہ لوں میں
دل کو سُکون کہاں ملتا ہے
رات گزرنے والی ہے جی
دل کا غبار نہیں نکلا ہے
دل کا برتن جب سے ٹُوٹا
پانی آنکھ میں بھر رکھّا ہے
میں کب تک مدہوش رہوں گا
اُن آنکھوں سے جام پیا ہے
سارے تارے دیکھ رہے ہیں
چندا مجھ کو گھُور رہا ہے
کتنے لوگ تھے دل میں صاحب!
اب تو دل ویران پڑا ہے
یادوں کی بارِش میں صادقؔ
کب سے بیٹھا بھیگ رہا ہے
The early Sufis believed that there were two dimensions to the revelations received by the Prophet, words of the Qur’an in their appearance, and the divine inspiration in his heart. This divinely inspired knowledge in the heart, Sufis claim, was gifted to only a chosen few, who contemplated and longedfor nearness with the creator. The early Sufis also laid emphasis on one of the basic tenets of Islam i. e. ihsan. Ihsan is that level of devotion where the devotee is completely absorbed in the worship of God. The ultimate aim of the Sufis is to raise the level of ihsan to experience the presence ofGod. Since the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) was paragon of virtues including ihsan, it was assumed that Sufism or Tasawwuf originatedfrom the Prophet himself. This paper aims to focus on the point of origin of tasawwuf, on the one hand and the need for its revival, on the other.
Theoretical study of Spinel based Transition Metal Oxides is reported. The Density Functional Theory approach is adopted for computational investigation using LAPW code. The structural, elastic properties of (XAl2O4 for X=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), (MGa2O4 for M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd), (NIn2O4 for N=Mg, Zn, In) & (ZnP2O4 for P=V, Cr, Fe, Rh, Sn) along with electronic & magnetic properties of cubic spinel oxides (XAl2O4) and (MGa2O4) have calculated. The calculated structural parameters conform to other experimental and theoretical evidences. Fulfillment of elastic stability criteria proves the reliability of the reported data. The calculated elastic constants show that all materials abide its stability opposing elastic deformations and the Cauchy’s pressure confirms the dynamical stability of these materials. The high values of bulk moduli show the hardness of these materials while the Young moduli data reveal that MgAl2O4 is the stiffer material among all. Further, Poisson’s ratios testify the compressibility, connote stableness to external deformation of these materials and reveal dominance of central forces being the interatomic forces. Out of 24 materials, only 05 are brittle and the rest are ductile with elastic anisotropy. MgAl2O4 is the most brittle and CdGa2O4 is the most ductile material. The electronic structure (Total DOS) show all XAl2O4, MGa2O4 (M=Fe, Co, Zn, Cd) have antiferromagnetic, NiGa2O4 & CuGa2O4 have FM state and the valence near Fermi level due to the transition metal 3d state. The calculation of direct exchange energy Δx(d) shows that the exchange mechanism of electrons is dominant in introducing magnetism and enormous exchange splitting is observed in these materials. The ferromagnetism in the group MGa2O4 of spinel oxide compounds is due to hybridization between the electrons in the 3d-states cation and 2p states anion. Appearance of magnetic moments in these materials is due to unpaired electrons in 3d states of Transition metal ions. The negative value of indirect exchange energy confirms the magnetism by spin of electrons.