Peran Guru Dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa Di SMA Swasta Katolik Bintang Laut

Saat ini dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya dalam bidang karakter yang dimiliki oleh siswa, seringkali siswa melalaikan karakter yang harusnya siswa tanamkan dalam dirinya. Dalam menyikapi hal tersebut maka peranan guru sangat penting didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan guru dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, bagaimana profesionalisme guru dan budaya sekolah dapat berpengaruh dalam membentuk karakter siswa. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah guru di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, sampel 5 orang Guru sebagai responden dan 5 orang siswa sebagai informan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui tahap observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang dilakukan melalui tiga alur kegiatan (1) Reduksi data, (2) Penyajian data, (3) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil peneliti menunjukkan bahwa peranan guru sangat penting dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, hampir semua guru profesional dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, memberikan contoh dan teladan yang baik, seperti datang tepat waktu, berpakaian rapi, bertanggungjawab atas apa yang sudah dipercayakan padanya, serta memberikan teguran dan sanksi bagi siswa yang melalaikan tanggung jawabnya, adapun budaya sekolah di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut yaitu ada apel setiap pagi dengan bernyanyi dan berdoa bersama serta pembacaan renungan singkat, senam pagi setiap hari Jumat, dan misa awal bulan.

Evaluation of Biological Potential of Quercus Dilatata L. and Isolation of Active Compounds

Natural products have been the mainstay in treating debilitating and multipronged diseases since the dawn of medicine. The current study was designed to isolate and characterize biologically active lead compounds from an underexplored medicinal folklore Quercus dilatata L. Total 42 extracts from each of the aerial parts, nut shells and galls were prepared using sonication aided maceration as the extraction procedure. The extract library was subjected to a range of phytochemical and in vitro bioassays in order to identify most functional plant part and extraction solvent for preparative extraction. Phytochemical investigation comprised of standard colorimetric assays to determine phenolic and flavonoid contents while, RP-HPLC was carried out to establish polyphenolic profile. MTT assay was employed to determine leishmanicidic activity against Leishmania tropica whereas disc diffusion assay was performed to elucidate antibacterial, antifungal and protein kinase inhibitory spectrum. Starch-iodine chromogenic assay determined the α-amylase inhibitory potential while brine shrimp lethality. MTT and SRB assays were used to find cytotoxic potential of the subject plant. Among all extracts, maximum gallic acid equivalent phenolics and quercetin equivalent flavonoids were quantified in distilled water-acetone aerial parts extract (21.37±0.21 μg GAE/mg DW) and methanol-ethyl acetate galls extract (5.28±0.30 µg QE/mg DW) respectively. RP-HPLC revealed the presence of substantial amount of various phenolics (from 0.049±0.01 to 15.336±1.55 μg/mg extract) including pyrocatechol, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pcoumaric acid, ferulic acid and quercetin in aerial parts extracts. Maximum reducing power potential and total antioxidant capacity was recorded in methanol-ethyl acetate and distilled water extract of galls i.e. 50.76±1.0 and 48.57±1.1 µg AAE/mg DW respectively. Highest free radical scavenging efficiency was exhibited by methanolethyl acetate aerial parts extract (IC50 8.1±0.5 µg/ml). A noteworthy leishmanicidic potential (IC50 12.91 μg/ml) was exhibited by the ethyl acetate-acetone aerial parts extract whereas, maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 12.5 µg/ml) was manifested by ethyl acetate aerial parts extract. Substantial protein kinase (PK) inhibition (28±0.35 mm of bald zone of inhibition) was exhibited by methanol extract of aerial parts. Ethyl acetate galls extract showed 52.5±2.75% inhibition of α-amylase activity. Chloroform-methanol aerial parts extract showed maximum cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae with IC50 value of 34.54 μg/ml while significant cytotoxicity against THP-1 and Hep G2 cells was shown by nhexane and ethanol aerial part extracts with inhibition of 46.73±0.85% and 82.52±1.45% respectively. Keeping in view the abovementioned results, aerial part was selected for preparative extraction with chloroform-methanol (1:1) as its extraction solvent. Preparative extract (QDC) was partitioned through solvent-solvent extraction and the resulting fractions (QDN, QDE, QDB, QDA) were biologically evaluated to prospect fraction hits for lead development. Maximum α-amylase and leishmanisidic activities were revealed by QDE i.e. 52.44±3.21% and 83.0±2.35% respectively. QDN was found to possess maximum cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 (50.7±3.24%), MDA-MB 231 (40.0±2.31%) and Hep G2 (46.3±1.54%) cell lines whereas, QDB had the highest free radical scavenging potential (IC50 17.55 µg/ml). Maximum inhibition of TNF-α activated NF-κB (67.90±3.27%) and NO production in LPS-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (84.90±2.01%) was shown by QDE. QDN was found to be most active in aromatase inhibition assay (61.11±3.76%) and quinone reductase 1 induction assay (induction ratio=7). On the basis of aforementioned results, QDN was selected as hit fraction for leads isolation and was subjected to normal phase gravity and medium pressure liquid column chromatography to yield 4 compounds (QDN2, QDN4, QDN5 and QDN9). Biological evaluation of compounds suggested that maximum α-amylase, PK and antipromastigote activities were presented in case of QDN5 i.e. 19.5±2.30%, 6.5±0.10 mm ZOI and 48.0±2.30% respectively. Likewise, QDN5 showed maximum inhibition against MCF-7 (54.2±1.54%), MDA-MB-231 (43.7±2.40%) and Hep G2 (45.2±3.50%) cancer cell lines. QDN5 showed maximum cancer chemopreventive proficiency via inhibition of NF-κB (65.42±9.70%) and NO production (78.0±1.10%) assays followed by QDN2 with 63.0±5.30 and 65.1±3.20% inhibition of NO production and NF-κB respectively. X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic studies characterized the structure of QDN2, QDN4 QDN5 and QDN9 as friedelin, 3epifriedelinol, glutinol and taraxerol respectively. In principle, the results of the current study endorses Q. dilatata as a substantial source of bioactive lead compounds.