وقت کی پکار بے نظیر بار بار
تحریر :ابرار میر ،لندن
جب 18اکتوبر2007ء کو پیپلز پرٹی کے کارواں پر کارساز میں حملہ ہوا تو ٹارگٹ نہ صرف محترمہ شہید بے نظیر بھٹو تھیں بلکہ ٹرکوں گاڑیوں میں موجود پیپلز پارٹی کی صف اول اور صف دوم کی ساری قیادت بھی تھی ۔وہ ہولناک قیامت خیز منظر دیکھے نہیں جا سکتے تھے ۔لیکن انسان کا تعصب ، بغض اور نفرت شاید اس لیے اسے شیطانیت سے بھی زیادہ مکرو ہ کر دیتا ہے ۔برطانیہ میں بیٹھ کر ہم نے ایسے تاثرات بھی سنے کہ کہا گیا ’’یہ حملہ بے نظیر نے خود کروایا تا کہ سستی شہرت حاصل کی جا سکے۔ ‘‘ وہ لاڑکانہ کے دیہات والی لڑکی لال قلندر اور پنڈی کے سکول میں پڑھنے والی اپنے آپ کو شہری بھی کہتی اور دیہاتی بھی مانتی تھی ۔اس لیے وہ کسان مزدور ،غریب اور شخص کی درد شناس اور ہمراز بھی تھی اس کی للکا ر خوشی اور کرب کی ایسی آمیز ش تھی کہ جسے وہی سمجھ سکتی تھی ۔
وہ بچپن سے لڑکپن تک شاہی زندگی گزار رہی تھی مگر جوانی میں ظلم و ستم کے پہاڑ اس کے منتظر تھے اور آغاز شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کی عدالتی قتل کے فیصلے والی پھانسی سے ہوا ۔پھر ایک نہ رکنے والی کربلا شروع ہو گئی اور اس کا جواں سال بھائی شاہنواز بھٹو سن پچاسی میں ان سے چھین لیا گیا۔وہ اس قیامت کو برداشت کرتے ہوئے پھر کھڑی ہوئیں اور ملک بدر ی کے بعد دس اپریل چھیاسی کو پاکستان واپس آئیں ۔لاہور میں جیسے سارا پاکستان ہی ان کے استقبال کو آ پہنچا ہو اور منٹوں کا سفر گھنٹوں میں ہوا کہ جس کا ذکر انہوں نے اپنی کتاب ’’مشرق کی بیٹی...
Growth factors are the potential operational members which control different phases of liver regeneration. Different growth factors have expression regulation in the whole process relating to different phases of liver regeneration. Objective: To assess the expression regulation of different growth factors and cytokines involved in liver regeneration in a phase-dependent manner. Methods: Blood and liver samples were collected and analyzed on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th postoperative days after 50% Partia hepatectomy (PHx). Results: Steady increase of liver regeneration rate was recorded from 90.8% (1st day) to 97.9% (7th day). Liver function tests further confirmed the steady liver recovery in PHx mice. Several growth factors such as HGF and VEGF exhibited an up-regulation till 5th day and later gradual decrease till 14th day compared to control mice. Albumin, CK18 and CK19 showed sequential expression increase from 1st to 14th day compared to AFP and HNF-4α upregulated until 5th and 1st day, respectively. Quantification of these growth factors further confirm our results. Conclusions: Conclusively, these results highlight a phase-dependent regulation and role of growth factors in liver regeneration and recovery
Azo dyes constitute the largest and most diverse group of dyes used in commercial applications. These dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature, as well as also create an aesthetic problem, so these must be removed before their disposal into water bodies. Various methods are in use for the decolorization of azo dyes. Every method has its own shortcomings and drawbacks. In this study, a comparative study was conducted to get the maximum decolorization of synthetic azo dyes and industrial effluents. Photo-Fenton’s process, biological and sequential methods were utilized for the decolorization of synthetic and real wastewater having azo dyes. In biological method, experiments was performed with five locally isolated indigenous white rot species, for the selection of two white rot fungal cultures based on their maximal decolorization potential. Different fermentation conditions (dye level, pH, inoculums size, temperature, mediators and metal ions) and nutritional factors (carbon and nitrogen sources) were optimized to enhance the efficiency of white rot fungal cultures for dye decolorization. In Photo-Fenton,s treatment method, the optimization of different experimental parameters (pH, FeSO4, H2O2, temperature and effects of salts) was done to get maximum decolorization (90%) of dye under study. Sequential methods were also studied) to investigate their effectiveness in the present study. The effectiveness of all treatment technologies was evaluated by water quality assurance parameters such as COD, BOD, TOC, TSS, phenolic contents ant toxicity assey, by following the standard methods of treatments. All treatments under study showed a good potential towards decolorization as well as mineralization, however, Sequential treatments showed best potential towards decolorization (up to 97%) as well as mineralization (up to 90%) of synthetic azo dyes. The uv-visible and FTIR spectral studies have shown decolorization as well as mineralization of dyes under study. An economic analysis has shown as the cost in the chemical treatment (Photo-Fenton treatment is considered mainly due to the chemicals, thus at lower doses (it is applied as a pre-treatment step), operating cost of the treatment can be saved. It was also found, that as the sequential carried out at lower dose of chemicals, so sludge production was almost negligible and the dye wastewater after sequential treatments fall within the safer limits, hence dispose off such treated water not be hazardous. Thus the overall treatment chain of Photo-Fenton oxidation followed by aerobic biological treatment could be quite effective and economical option for the treatment recalcitrant compounds like azo dyes in pilot plant scale.