Understanding and Promotion of Civic Behavior Among Students in the Light of Sīrah

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

Fractional Transmission Lines and Waveguides in Electromagnetics

Fractional curl operator has been utilized to derive the fractional dual solutions for different planar boundaries. Perfect electric conductor (PEC), impedance, and perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) planar boundaries have been investigated and the behavior of fractional dual solutions is studied with respect to the fractional parameter. The knowledge of fractional dual solutions has been extended by studying the fractional parallel plate waveguides, fractional transmission lines and the fractional rectangular waveguides. Fractional parallel plate waveguides with PEC, impedance, and PEMC walls as original problems have been studied for the field distribution inside the guide region and transverse impedance of the guide walls. The investigations have also been given for the fractional parallel plate chiro waveguides. Fractional transmission lines of symmetric and non-symmetric nature have been analyzed for their intermediate behavior and the impedance matching condition has been derived in terms of the fractional parameter. The fractional rectangular impedance waveguide has also been investigated. The fractional dual solutions and impedance have been compared with the reference results which have been found in good agreement for limiting values of the fractional parameter.