Al-Zalzalah/The Earthquak
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
99:01
a. When the earth will be shaken violently in its mighty quaking to its very core,
99:02
a. and when the earth will throw out its burdens of the dead from their graves,
99:03
a. and when the human being will be crying out in panic:
b. ‘What is happening to it?’
99:04
a. At that Time it - the earth - will narrate its news,
99:05
a. for your Rabb - The Lord would have commanded it to do so.
99:06
a. That Time the people will proceed in separate groups,
b. so that they may be shown the results of their worldly deeds and dealings.
99:07
a. So whoever would have done good, even to the weight of a particle, will see it, and be rewarded for it.
99:08
a. And whoever would have done evil, even to the weight of a particle, will see it, and be rewarded for it.
Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.
Translation as an Act of Manipulation: Kiernan's Translation of Iqbal The present research aims to explore the translated text as an incident or site of manipulative literature. Manipulation is reflected as an intention in Translation Studies. Translation Studies have been recognized as a flourishing and successful field of knowledge by scholars of linguistics, literary study, history, anthropology, psychology and the like. These fields contribute theoretically to Translation Studies. The researcher has selected translation/s of the indigenous text as Source Language text created by Doctor Muhammad Iqbal in Urdu rendered into English (as Target Language text) by Victor Gordon Kiernan. These literary translations in the poetic form as test cases illustrate the manipulation ideologies dictated by translation theory and/or translatology. The focus is on the linguistic elements that are partially translated and are left un-translated during the act of translation. Such linguistic items appear as borrowings, calque, modulation and adaptation. These linguistic elements serve as tools and become yardstick for manipulation analysis of the translated text. The analysis is brought about with the help of textual and critical discourse analysis of the sample poems. The translated text serves as a premise to draw attention to the apparent lacuna or breach in passing on the (original) meanings during the act of translation. The translation norms as well as the translator’s language are influential in dictating the meaning within a text. A host of indigenous translators who have also done the poetry of Iqbal in English have also been included to explore the aporias, if any, created by the foreign translator (Kiernan). As meaning in a language is always context-bound and situation relevant, there exist a linguistic distance between the source and target languages. Similarly, a cultural distance between the two language communities also exists. That is why, the central function of translation as a powerful shaping force in a socio-cultural political set up is highlighted. The act becomes manipulative yet creative. Manipulation cannot be taken as a bias to condemn the translated literature. It comes up as the evolution of creation of new meanings in distant linguistic and cultural set ups.