حکیم محمد اختر کا فروغ تصوف میں کردار

Sufism is the heart of Islam. It is attached with Islam as the human soul is woven within the body. Sufis have always been the center of Muslim society, especially; in the sub-continent, they have firmly imprinted their marks in every sphere of life. Various mystic traditions as Naqshbandi, Chishti, Qadri etc. Are commonly known in India and Pakistan. This study explores the great Sufi, Hakim Mohammad Akhtar, for his unprecedented services in the field of mystic practices, poetry and Islamic literature. In the initial part of the study, his family background and educational account have been described which show that not only he was a passionate follower of mystic legacy from an early age but a true stalwart of Islam. The historical account of Hakim Akhtar reveals that he was a staunch devotee of Molana Rome which resulted in the form of his famous book "Maarif-e-Masnawi". In the latter part of the study, his character and work are unveiled in a chronological order. As the follower of Sufi tradition, Hakim Akhtar was against personal glorification. Through this research study, some astonishing hidden aspects of his life have been discovered which will help his disciples and devotees to follow the path of their mentor perfectly.

Hybrid Nature Inspired Algorithms for Engineering Design Optimization Problems

The focus of this dissertation is on the development of hybrid nature inspired metaheuristics for engineering design optimization problems. In this study, three nature inspired metaheuristics naming Artificial Showering Algorithm (ASHA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) have been considered for improvement and hybridization. We propose several improved as well as novel mixtures of the Nature Inspired Computational (NIC) methods, such as Targeted Showering Optimization (TSO), Radial ABC (RABC), hybrid of ABC and a modified ASHA (ABC-MASH) and Differential Targeted ABC (DTABC) algorithms. The structures and working principles of the proposed algorithms are discussed and analyzed in details. The performance of the our proposed hybrid NIC algorithms has been investigated by statistical analysis of their results on nonlinear, unimodal, multi-modal, multi-objective, nonlinear systems in engineering and engineering design optimization problems. The analysis reveals that the proposed hybrid NIC algorithms overcome the deficiencies of individual algorithms and outperform several past hybrid methods on engineering design optimization problems. It has been established through computer simulations and non-parametric analysis of the results that our designed hybrid NIC algorithms are consistent in producing superior optimization results over the standard individual NIC algorithms as well as the past hybrid methods with respect to the exploration efficiency, speed of convergence and quality and quantity of the best and mean optimal solutions attained.