بھلانے میں جن کو زمانے لگے ہیں
وہی لوگ پھر یاد آنے لگے ہیں
سنبھلتا ہوا دیکھ کر پھر سے مجھ کو
حوادث کھڑے مسکرانے لگے ہیں
لگا بزم میں رہ گئے ہم اکیلے
کہا جب انھوں نے کہ جانے لگے ہیں
لگا ہاتھ سے ہے جو آنچل تمھارا
لگا ہاتھ جیسے خزانے لگے ہیں
خدایا! تو سن لے، اٹھے گی نہ ورنہ
جو ماتم کی صف ہم بچھانے لگے ہیں
ہمیں تو چلن، بد چلن زندگی کے
یہ سب سانپ سیڑھی کے دانے لگے ہیں
خدا دیکھ لے اب جو تو نے ہے کرنا
دعا سے بھی ہاتھ اب اٹھانے لگے ہیں
Terrorism is such a dangerous disease that has destroyed peace of many nations of the world. Terrorism, in all its forms, is condemnable. The author of this paper tried to encompass all the important factors and causes, which generate and consolidate terrorism in its different forms. This paper presents various causes of the phenomenon of terrorism, which include the material causes, the psychological causes, the behavioral causes, the political causes, the social causes, the economic causes and the ideological causes. The last segment of this dissertation discusses the remedies of the problem of terrorism. The necessary measures and suggestions have been suggested by the author to control the monster of terrorism. These includes to promote a moderate religious approach through education and preaching; to remove the misconception of the west against Islām; to refine our education and teaching methods by including relevant psychology and morality; our youth needs to use their energy in the social welfare activities to save them from becoming a victim of extremists and terrorists for having no purpose of life and for being idle; the Muslim rulers need to get close to their masses and remove alienation; a confident, unanimous condemnation from the responsible circles of the society should be promulgated; the youth must not rebel against their rulers and must not indulge in the matters of excommunication.
Groundnut is grown worldwide as an important cash crop and its seeds are a major source of premium quality vegetable oil and protein. Yield loss up to 70 per cent has been reported due to reduced photosynthesis resulting from increase in necrotic leaf area and defoliation after severe attack of leaf spot disease. The best way to control this foliar disease is to grow resistant cultivars, but higher levels of resistance are not available in groundnut cultivars. Genetic transformation is the best alternative in such circumstances and availability of efficient regeneration and gene delivery systems is a prerequisite for this technique. Therefore during present study, regeneration protocols were standardized by culturing three explants of each of four commercial varieties on MS medium supplemented with different hormone combinations, subsequently followed by transformation of best responding variety with chitinase gene. 78.33 per cent cotyledonary explants responded to shoot induction with 5.14 shoots/explant in Golden variety on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BAP. Roots were induced successfully (61.30 per cent) on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Direct shoots were induced from 52.67 per cent leaf disc explants. Somatic embryos were obtained (98.33 per cent) from epicotyl explants on MS medium having 8mg/l picloram. 14.18per cent transformation efficiency through Agrobacterium, 6.88per cent by silicon carbide whisker and 6.59per cent by gene gun method has been achieved. This is first known report of Silicon carbide whisker mediated transformation in peanut in world. The transgene (RCG3) over expressed well and showed significant resistance to the Tikka disease. 12 In present study it has been proven that rice chitinase gene (RCG-3) confers strong resistance against leaf spot disease of peanut. The stable peanut lines produced will be helpful to evolve cultivars with built-in solution to control fungal diseases, specially the leaf spot. The standardized protocols of regeneration and transformation will be used for incorporation of other desirable genes in this crop.