بیگم سلطانہ حیات
افسوس ہے کہ اردو کی ایک عاشق وفدائی اور اتر پردیش میں اردو تحریک کی قائد بیگم سلطانہ حیات صاحبہ ۷؍ جون کو رحلت فرماگئیں، وہ تقریباً نصف صدی تک اردو کے فروغ کے لیے سرگرم عمل رہیں، ۵۵ء میں انجمن ترقی اردو ہند نے اردو کو اتر پردیش میں علاقائی زبان تسلیم کرانے کے لیے دستخطی مہم چلائی جس کو کامیاب بنانے میں انھوں نے اور ان کے شوہر جناب حیات اﷲ انصاری نے غیر معمولی دلچسپی لی اور اتر پردیش کے مختلف علاقوں کا دورہ کیا، وہ اس وفد میں بھی شامل تھیں جو ۲۲ لاکھ دستخطوں کے ساتھ میمورنڈم لے کر اس وقت کے صدر جمہوریہ ڈاکٹر راجندر پرشاد کے پاس گیا تھا، انھوں نے ’’تعلیم گھر‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادارہ بھی قائم کیا تھا، اس نے اترپردیش میں اردو کے کئی اسکول قائم کیے جن سے ہر سال سینکڑوں طلبہ فیضیاب ہوتے تھے، وہ طبعاً نیک، شریف اور درد مند خاتون تھیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ اردو کی اس مجاہدہ اور خادمہ کی مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جولائی ۱۹۹۴ء)
Background of the Study: Sensory processing is the process in which all sensory stimuli integrate and enable person to respond according to the situation. There are number of sensory issues that either parents or teacher do not identify on early stages and various times it also cause behavioral issues or academic issues with in typical children too. The study aims to assess the sensory vulnerability of children with and without autism in the school environment and to identify the sensory issues.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Total 86 children recruited and divided into two groups included typical and atypical children. Using a standardized questionnaire-SPM (sensory processing measure) distributed in schools and completed by teachers.
Result: Autism affects both mainstream children and children with autism, with sensory process subscales showing significant differences p value (< .005) for t- test. Autism children have higher sensory process vulnerability, particularly in social participation and praxis variables, compared to mainstream children’s.
Conclusion: The study reveals that school initiates sensory stimuli, affecting children's vulnerability, even in special schools, despite providing structured environments for atypical children.
Operational functions such as to maintain a balance between demands as well as generation happens to be one of the main functions carried out by the latest energy management system.Actually, this is termed as the short-term evaluation of the maximum output of different power generation facilities to meet the required total system load at minimum possible cost without disrupting the regular power supply to the end users. The overloadswould result in the entire system’s instability and increased likelihood of blackouts. The analysis is aimed to give an overview of the economic load dispatch problem regarding abrupt variations in monthly load demand and generation throughout the year. During the research, time series analysis is conducted by using daily data regarding the generation and load demand across the country both for considering with/without losses. Real-time data for power system components of 64 power plants, 496 generating units, 17(500 KV Grid Stations), 35(220 KV Grid Stations), 900(132 KV Grid Stations) and 500/220/132 KV transmission network lines is used. Generation, demand and load management measures acquired from actual daily data associated with demand and supply, power system constraints have also been considered. The aspect of reduction in Hydel generation share during canals closure at water scar season every year has also been taken into account. Daily and monthly data figures of the last 12 years in MW/GWh is analyzed and executed by using time series analysis. Durbin Watson statistics is used to detect auto correlation; also Dickey-Fuller test was performed to check covariance stationarity. Values have been plotted in graphs to understand the monthly/annual variations in total generation and total demand. Research is aimed at improving the quality of power dispatch and deriving workable solutions. Holt-Winters forecasting techniques are applied to analyze both the actual and predicted values of generation, demand and load shed of every month at load dispatch center. It also provides monthly trend of generation, consumer demand and load shed at the same time. The methodology is based on the integrated system modeling. The main purpose is to minimize the total per unit fuel cost without violating system constraints. In case of Pakistan energy scenario, system does not have surplus energy but having short fall. By keeping in mind the current emergent situation and to cope up this problem, national utility system has been analyzed with reference to its operation problems and all the generation is grouped into fuel source wise, and then optimized. Case studies with different fuel sources have also been discussed. All the analyses are executed in MATLAB environment. An overall optimization at the national level shows that there are opportunities to better utilize low cost generators, curtailing usage of higher cost units and increasing electric power trade, considering with and without losses, which would ultimately allow customers to benefit from lower electricity prices. Finally, the thesis recommends managerial actions, structural overhaul in the existing energy system of NTDC, gas allocation to generating plants by using economic criteria, energy sector smart solutions and remedies, to make it sustainable and more versatile to cope up the current and future challenges.