التعليل النحوي عند ابن بابشاذ في كتابه شرح المحسبة (فصل الاسم أنموذجاً)

لقد استقصى النحاة العلة في كلام العرب مستنبطين ذلك من كلام العرب وأقيستهم، ومن بين النحويين ابن بابشاذ الذي تناول العلة في كتابه (شرح المقدمة المحسبة)،إذ ميز البحثُ اسلوب ابن بابشاذ التعليمي بتضمين فصول الكتاب بالعلة على مختلف أقسام الكلام كالأسماء و الأفعال والحروف، والذي اقتصر هنا على فصل الاسم وبيان علله المتنوعة كعلة التثنية والعوض والمعادلة وآمن اللبس، وعلة النظير، والخفة، والثقل، والاحتراز، ونظير تعليله في المقدمة رفع المثنى بالألف رفعاً دون الواو وذلك؛ للفصل بين التثنية والجمع، فأصبحت العلة لديه علة (فرق)، وهذا ما يسري على أنواع الأسماء وأنواع العلل. واستُنبطت العلة وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والذي تمَّ عبرهُ تمييز العلل وبيان فائدتها النحوية، وللراغب في تسليط الضوء على بقية فصول مقدمة المحسبة سيظفر على دراسة هادفة وجادة بين دفتي المقدمة لابن بابشاذ.

اردو کے تاریخی ناول میں ہیرو کا کردار تجزیاتی-و-تقابلی جائزہ

Novel is considered to be one of the most famous genres of Urdu literature. These genres come from West, got popularity and rapidly made progress. Due to comprehensiveness of topics and diversity in styles in the twentieth century, many aspects of thought and art emerged and surfaced. Urdu novel has a vast canvas. It deals with all aspects of life like political, social, psychological, romantic and historical. It also discusses the individual aswell as social aspect of life. In short nothing is outside the ambit of this genre. Amongst all these aspects, the most important is historical aspect. History is the most precious asset of any nation. In a novel, the importance of characters can''t be underestimated but the importance of a hero is so much conspicuous that he stands prominent like a moon amongst the stars or like a pearl in the heap of stones. Hero is the central character of any novel but in historical novels, his importance becomes manifold. Along the historical events, the presentation of historical characters is also very important. No one can deny the importance of secondary and flat characters, but the importance of a hero is worth-maintaining. Different treaties on the topics of novel-writing, its art and different styles have written in University of this genre have helped illuminate deferent hidden aspects. However, the role of a hero in historical novels, his merits and demerits, judging and evaluating different aspects of his personality also constitutes important topics. But in the historical novels of Urdu , on the topics of the role of hero, his critical and competence , evolution, no worth-maintaining research has been made, so for on this topic no thorough, comprehensive, in-depth research has been carried out. Realizing this lack of research on this topic, I decided to choose this topic. It is also a fact that important personalities attached to historical events are later on presented in stories. While casting them in stories, this work is to be done with great insight and care. That is the reason that as compared with other heroes of the novels, for the making of a hero of a historical novel, all capabilities and abilities are to be collected and mustered.