الإمام زفر: أصوله الفقهية وآرائه المفتي بها في تفسير الأحكام

Compilation and codification of Islamic jurisprudence is a great achievement of the Islamic literary history. The productivity andfertility of the mind of the Muslims Scholars was a true and brilliant field of cognitive process. Ilanafi school of thought display in these Muslims societies from practice point of view always dominated. In this respect the Imam Zufar (RA) (110AH) had been a great scholar in Ilanafi Canon with his unique multi-dimensional features and characteristics. Nevertheless, He iras a prominent jurist, Muhaddis, Justice and Mujtahid. He paved a different path to have difference of opinion with his great teacher Imam Abu Hanifa as well as with the rest offamous jurists. This article emphasis on those principles along with examples that at the end evolved to have become his exclusive principles for inference of the Shari. ahka am. This article will also highlight his versatile scholary life and will help the researchers to investigate about his seminal work.

Effect of High Protein Diet on Pancreatic B-Cell Regeneration & Funtioning in Diabetic Rats

Diet is a key factor in fulfilling energy requirements, maintaining metabolic homeostasis and promoting health. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defective insulin production or secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin function or both. The type, amount as well as balance of main macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) present in diet are of particular significance in managing the diabetes. However, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism that how protein rich diet is responsible for functional changes in pancreatic β-cells. Current study was intended to evaluate the effect of high protein diet on body weight, glycaemic control, regeneration of β-cell, production and release of insulin in diabetic rats. High protein diet (45% and 55% fish protein) was administered in alloxan induced diabetic rat model for a period of 28 days. Blood samples were collected for monitoring blood glucose level, lipid profile and other biochemical parameters. Pancreatic tissue samples were collected for histopathological study. The data was subjected to statistical analysis by applying one way ANOVA and DMR. Results revealed that protein rich diet counteracted the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and normalized the elevated levels of blood glucose (198.1±11.5), cholesterol (64.73±2.24) and triglycerides (65.97±4.62) compared to positive control group having serum glucose (606.8±12.3), cholesterol (95.36±4.6) and triglycerides (109.5±3.51) respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed that high protein diet helps in normal regeneration or replenishing of β-cells. The role of calcium and cellular stress pathways are important in underlying mechanism behind the ROS production and its control as low expression levels of Calm-2, Grk-2, Pias-2, Traf-4, Traf-6 and MAPK-8 genes were observed in high protein diet treated groups in comparison to positive control. High protein diet also improved β-cell function and performance by up regulating the expression of INS-1, INS-2 & Pdx-1 genes. In conclusion, results indicated the regenerative and protective potential of high protein diet in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.