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Analysis of Arabic-Urdu Dictionaries [Ma Programme]

Thesis Info

Author

Salma Shaheen

Supervisor

Zafar Iqbal

Department

Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University

Program

MA

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Multan

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2003

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

222 .

Subject

Other Languages

Language

English

Other

Report presented in part requirement for M. A. in English in BZU Multan Advisor : Zafar Iqbal; EN; Call No: TP 492.73439 SAL-A

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712864153

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حرفے چند

عصر حاضر میں موسمیاتی تبدیلی بین الاقوامی مسئلہ بن چکا ہے۔ انٹرنیشنل کلائمیٹ چینج پینل کی تازہ ترین رپورٹ بتاتی ہے کہ اس وقت ماحولیاتی تبدیلیاں پوری دنیا کو بری طرح متاثر کر رہی ہیں۔ عالمی موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں سے متاثر ہ ممالک میں پاکستان  بھی شامل ہے۔سیلاب 2022ء موسمی تبدیلی کے  اثرات کا منہ بولتا ثبوت ہے۔ افسوسناک بات یہ ہے کہ پاکستان میں سیاسی و معاشی بحران کی وجہ موسمیاتی تبدیلی کے خوفناک اثرات کا مسئلہ پس پردہ چلا گیا ہے۔ مسئلہ حقائق کا نہیں بلکہ اقدامات اٹھانے کا ہے۔موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے اثرات کو انفرادی اور اجتماعی طور پر روکنے کے ہنگامی بنیادوں پر اقدامات اٹھانے کی ضرورت ہے۔پرنٹ،الیکٹرانک اور سوشل میڈیا کی مدد سے ماحولیاتی مسائل (موسمیاتی تبدیلی،گلوبل وارمنگ،ماحولیاتی آلودگی ) کو اجاگر کرنا چاہئے۔یہ ایک خالصتاً انسانی و قومی مسئلہ ہے۔

قدرتی وسائل کا غیر دانشمندانہ استعمال ہی موسمیاتی  تبدیلیوں کا باعث بنتا ہے۔ان موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں پر قابو پانا حضرت انسان کے لئے ایک چیلنج  بن چکا ہے۔اس کے لئے اقوام متحدہ کے زیرنگرانی  کوپ (COP)کے نام سے ماحولیاتی کانفرنسز منعقد کی جاتی ہیں۔ اس وقت ماحولیات کے بارے میں آگاہی پیداکرنا قومی فریضہ ہے۔ میرے عزیز ترین شاگرد ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ نے " قدرتی وسائل اور ان کا استعمال: اسلامی اور سائنسی علوم کے تناظر میں " کے موضوع پر قلم اٹھا کر ایک قومی خدمت سرانجام دی ہے۔ڈاکٹر چیمہ نے اس کتاب میں قدرتی وسائل اورماحولیاتی تحفظ کے اسلامی اصول و آداب پیش کئے ہیں۔ پیش نظر کتاب ڈاکٹر چیمہ کی تحقیقی بصیرت کی آئینہ دار ہے۔امید ہے کتاب " قدرتی وسائل اور ان کا استعمال: اسلامی اور سائنسی علوم کے تناظر میں " کا مطالعہ قارئین کے لئے مفید و نافع ثابت ہوگا۔

 ڈاکٹر فرحت نسیم علوی

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Perkawinan Beda Agama di Republik Yaman Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

Writing this article wants to describe, related to Yemeni legal regulations, namely the marriage of Muslim women in Yemen. Discussing the annulment of marriages for men who adhere to Islam or Muslims who do not marry Muslim women and women of the book in Yemen. As for the women of the People of the Book who can be married to Muslim men in Yemen, it is necessary to elaborate on the permissibility of marrying women who are not Muslim. Yemen itself fully takes the source of law in the text of the Koran where marriage regulations in Yemen between Muslim men and women of the book are permissible and regulated in Yemen's legal laws. On the other hand, interfaith marriages in other regions related to women of the book cannot be found, in Indonesia, for example, interfaith marriages only describe marriages between Muslims and those who are not Muslim or are not Muslim, there is absolutely no mention of women of the book. For this reason, this article wants to elaborate on the explanation regarding women of the People of the Book, amidst the debate whether or not it is permissible to marry women of the People of the Book, Yemen still adheres to the Al-Quran text which allows Muslim men to marry women of the People of the Book until now.

Designing of Dextrin Gated Porous Alumina-Silica Base Nanostructures As Drug Carrier

The designing and development of highly efficient nano-materials is currently exploited research for applications in the fields of environment and pharmaceuticals (nanomedicine).This research is an attempt to synthesize economical, biocompatible and eco-friendly (nontoxic) functional hybrids based on silica, alumina and alumina-silicate.The main objective of the study is the application of synthesized materials as potential adsorbents for the removal of toxic metals (Pb, Hg) from an aqueous medium.Secondly, the loading of drug (cisplatin) and designing with dextrin for development as carriers for controlled drug delivery. For this purpose, a quick, simple, one-pot method is adopted for the synthesis of 8 series of materials classified as un-loaded base (Si, Al, AlSi),loaded base (L-Si, L-Al, LAlSi), silica functionalized (SiTi, SiV, SiTiV) loaded silica (L-SiTi, L-SiV, L-SiTiV), alumina functionalized (AlTi, AlV, AlTiV)loaded alumina (L-AlTi, L-AlV, L-AlTiV), aluminasilicate functionalized (AlSiTi, AlSiV, AlSiTiV) and loaded alumina-silicate (L-AlSiTi, LAlSiV, L-AlSiTiV) hybrids.A material of each class is completely characterized using standard techniques and protocols. The successful functionalization of base materials, loading of cisplatin (at 1600cm-1) and capping with β-cyclodextrin (at 1100cm-1) is clearly witnessed in FTIR spectra. The characteristic morphology varying from spherical to elongated structures are scanned by SEM.XPS indicates that cisplatin is positioned as Pt(4f), whereas C-C and C=C bonding is for grafting. BET isotherm suggests a significant increase in surface area of both unloaded and loaded materials proposing excellent potential for adsorption. Further, silica-based hybrids in comparison to alumina reveal significant drug release due to a good binding affinity of the former. The regeneration capacity of these materials also offers direct acquiescence to 3R (reuse, reduce and recycle) principle.The research concludes and recommends the application of functionalized hybrid as agents to environmental remediation. Another important output of this research is the potency of materials as a carrier for control release of cisplatin (anti-cancerous drug) towards targeted organ. Dialysis membrane experiments were carried out for drug release whereas batch adsorption experiment was performed to determine the adsorption behaviour. The drug release findings suggest that base silica shows 44%, encapsulation efficiency whereas, for silica functionalized hybrids (L-SiTi, L-SiV and L-SiTiV), it is 24%, 89% and 14%, respectively. Silica alumina x and alumina-silicate functionalized hybrids reveal (13%-81%), (6%-31%) and (19%-49%) encapsulation efficiency respectively. The adsorption results suggest increase in uptake of mercury ions with the increase in concentration in followingsequence (Si, Al, AlSi, SiTi, SiV, SiTiV, AlTi, and AlV AlTiV).It is observed that silica, alumina andalumina-silicate functionalized hybrids (Si, Al, AlSi-Ti and AlSiV) show good lead removal at initial induced concentration. Likely Si-Ti, SiV, SiTiV, AlTi, AlV AlTiV, AlSi and AlSiTiV show increase in uptake of lead ions with the increase in the metal ions concentration.