سلطان کھاروی دیاںکافیاں
کجھ و دواناں دے وچار نیں کہ کافی عربی زبان دا لفظ اے جیدے معنی نیں مکمل ، پورا یا کافی ہونا۔ کیوں جے قرآن مجید وچ ربی فرمان اے۔
’’ کفیٰ باللہ شہیدا اللہ دی گواہی کافی اے ‘‘ (۱)
’’ کفیٰ باللہ وکیلا اللہ کارساز کافی اے ‘‘(۲)
’’قرآن حکیم وچ ایہہ لفظ کافی تے مکمل دے معنی وچ استعمال ہویا اے۔ ایس لئی شاعری دی اجہی صنف نوں کافی آکھیا گیا ہے۔ جہدے وچ اک مکمل مضمون اک مکمل خیال یاں اک مکمل جذبے دا اظہار کیتا گیا سی۔ شاعری دی ایس صنف نوں پڑھ کے یاںسن کے ہور کسے صنف یاں شاعری دے مطالعے یاں سنن دی لوڑ نہیں رہندی ۔ کیوں جے ایہدے راہیں بیان ہون والا مضمون یاں خیال ، ادبی ذوق ، روحانی لوڑاں تھوڑاں تے وجدان دی مکمل حد تک تسکین کر دیندا اے۔ ایسے پاروں شاعری دی ایس صنف نوں کافی آکھیا گیا اے۔‘‘(۳)
کافی تے سنگیت دا آپسی گوہڑا سمبندھ ہے ۔ کافی وچ سنگیت پکھ اگھڑواں ہوندا اے۔ ایس لئی سنگیت توں بنا ں کافی مکمل نہیں ۔جے ایہہ آکھیا جاوے کہ شاہ حسین نے کافی تے سنگیت نوں لازم و ملزوم بنا دتا اے تاں کجھغلط وی نہ ہووے گا۔ اونہاں اپنیاں کافیاں بارے واضح شبداں وچ لکھ دتا، پئی ایہہ کافی فلاں راگ یاں راگنی وچ گائی جاوے مثال دے طور تے اوہناں نے اپنی ایس کافی نوں راگ جے جے ونتی وچ گاون دی ہدایت کیتی اے۔
متراں دی مجمانی خاطر دل دا لہو چھانی دا
کڈھ کلیجہ کیتم بیرے سو بھی...
Marriage has been given the status of half-faith, based on which a family is formed, and society is established. Marriage is associated with issues of lineage and inheritance and a section of the Quran describes this subject. The jurists have explained in detail the issues of marriage, dowry, breastfeeding, 'iddah, and alimony under the book of marriage. Ibn Taymiyyah, like other jurisprudential issues, has differed from several jurists on issues related to marriage. For example, it is fair for a man to marry his wife's foster mother and foster daughter. Marriage can take place in any of the terms or words from which the meaning of marriage is derived. Like the father, the grandfather also has the right to marry a minor girl without her permission, it is permissible to marry, the wife has the right to terminate the marriage in case of defect in Haq-e-Mahr, etc. All such jurisprudential dissent will be explained with arguments so that one can be aware of Ibn Taymiyyah's dissent and the arguments behind it.
KeyWords: Ibn e Taymiyyah, Jurisprudential Distinctions, Nikaḥ, Kitāb un-Nikaḥ Haq-e-Mahr.
Superior health care services provide a strategic competitive advantage to health care organizations for catching new customers and retaining existing ones as their loyal members. Therefore, focusing on increased market-driven demand, a lot of service quality models have been conceptualized, discussed and empirically tested for functional quality measurements, but they did not conceive the idea to empirically validate technical aspects of service quality yet.Thus, there is need to develop a model covering both dimensions; functional and technical in South Asian context based on multiple respondents to bring improvement in multi-tasking services like hospitals.Such services possess a pool of multi-specialties and it is very difficult to develop such model that can cover each area collectively. So, in the current study, three departments; surgical, emergency, and diagnostics have been purposively selected to collect data from two types of respondents that include patients and employees (Doctors). Using cross-sectional study design, 1500 questionnaires were randomly self-administered among patients and 900 questionnaires (300 in each department) among employees of tertiary care hospitals from both public and private sector.Out of which 817 valid responses (with response rate of 56.67%) from patients and 518 (overall response rate of 57.56%) from employees were obtained.Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 20.0 and AMOS ver. 20.0. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to determine dimensions within a scale. Findings validate assurance, reliability, communication, and responsiveness as contributing factors from previous studies while food, aesthetics, and promptness as new dimensions along with patient satisfaction as an outcome indicator in South Asian context for determining functional quality.These dimensions focused to synthesize a new scale termed Func.Qual. The Assurance was found as most important factor while Communication as the least one based on quality gap score. Whereas employee’s perspective for technical quality measurement results in reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, assurance, communication, working capacity and empathy to form second-order factor analysis model called Tech.Qual. Clinical indicators of each respective department were outcome measures of Tech.Qual. Assurance was found as most critical factor amongst all dimensions while reliability least one. There exists a significant difference in all dimensions of service quality of public and private hospitals except responsiveness and assurance in process measures and clinical indicators (outcome measures) of surgical and diagnostics departments. But in totality, both patients and employees perspective revealed that private sector possess lesser service quality gaps than public sector hospitals.This model, if applied in health sector, may lead to bringing incremental change in perspectives/priorities of health care providers to satisfy their customers