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Messages of Holy Quran: Tafsir of Parah 21; 1St Half

Thesis Info

Author

Subiyyal Fayyaz, Muhammad

Department

University of Management and Technology

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

var .

Subject

Islam

Language

English

Other

Class assignment given by Dr. Muhammad Tahir Mustafa; EN; Call No: TP 297.122721 SUB-M

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712894286

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بھٹو کا خوف

بھٹو کا خوف

اسٹیبلشمنٹ پر آج بھی بھٹو صاحب کا خوف طاری ہے ۔بھٹو اپنے انتخابی نشان تلوار کی طرح مخالفین کے اعصاب پر چھا یا ہوا ہے ۔مخالف بھٹو کی سوچ سے اس لیے بھی ڈرتے ہیں کہ یہ سوچ آج بھی زندہ ہے ۔لاکھوں لوگ بھٹو شہید کے مزار پر آتے  ہیں اور ایک نئی طاقت لے کر واپس جاتے یہں ۔

 

ضلع ہری پورکے علماء کی تصنیفی اور تحقیقی خدمات

If you have a relationship with the past, a sustainable plan can be done for future. Islamic personalities, especially the introduction of the scholars, intensify the path of progress in the field of scientific and research as well as the continuous hard work in the practical world. Similarly, when introduction of the people with historical roles have reached to the next generation, it is easy to define pathways and take lessons from the opponents to work hard for them. Introducing individuals with a specific region is worth a king's ransom investment for all its geographically entrusted and external roles and a leading rule for a new generation of races. In the underlying article, efforts are being made to present brief introduction of the scholars of the District Haripur who have written in various sciences and fictions, so that people of this region can know that this area also remained the base of Islamic scholars. Due to this article, depicting the introduction of the scholars of different school of thoughts will undermine an enormous and sectarian ideology, and the strength of tolerance and brotherhood will be strengthened.

Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Efficient Strains of Rhizobium and Azospirillum from Wheat and Maize under Water Stress

Water stress is one of the most important environmental constraints that limit survival and productivity of staple crops like wheat and maize particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (Rhizobium and Azospirillum) are beneficial bacteria present in soil and forming associations with roots of plants. Present study was aimed at isolation and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium and Azospirillum strains from roots and rhizospheric soil of wheat and maize (at tillering and anthesis stage) growing under different moisture regimes in the field and under induced water stress in pots. The survival efficiency as measured by log cfu/g, carbon/nitrogen utilization pattern determined by QTS (Quick Test System), random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses, phytohormone production and 16sRNA sequence analysis were done for isolated strains. The efficiency of isolated strains to promote plant growth and development was tested under induced water stress conditions in reinoculation studies. The survival efficiency of Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolates from plants of irrigated field (Experiment I) and those from well watered pots (Experiment II) was higher as compared to that of Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolates from roots and rhizosphere samples of arid (8 % soil moisture) and semiarid field ( 14 % soil moisture)plants and waters stressed plants( 8 % soil moisture) in pots. There was no significant difference in the survival efficiency between root and rhizospheric soil isolates. The effect of low soil moisture on colony forming unit was more pronounced at anthesis stage of plant growth as compared to tillering stage. The value of cfu/g was higher for isolates from maize as compared to that of wheat. On the basis of carbon/nitrogen utilization patterns the Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolates from wheat and maize field were placed in three different groups depending upon the different moisture regimes from where these strains were isolated. xviThe UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Means) cluster analysis based on Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) tests grouped Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolates in two. The results revealed that QTS test can not solely be implicated to fully characterize microbes and for better understanding of phylogenetic relationship, molecular characterization e.g. RAPD-PCR is preferred. The strains isolated from plants growing at semi arid regions in field and under induced water stressed in pots at tillering stage exhibited close genetic relatedness to the strains isolated from plants growing under irrigated field conditions and well watered conditions in pots respectively. While the strains isolated from field plants growing at semi arid region at anthesis stage were found to bear close genetic relatedness with the strains isolated from plants growing in arid regions in field. Reinoculation experiments with both field and pot isolates revealed that the strains of Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolated from well watered plants grown in field or pot have less effect on plant growth of either chickpea or wheat used as host respectively, whereas Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolated from arid fields and plants growing under water stressed pot conditions performed better exposed to induced water stress. The amount of IAA, GA, ABA and trans zeatin riboside produced in the presence of tryptophan was considerably higher as compared to medium from which tryptophan was omitted. Moisture stress at all levels (14 to 8% soil moisture) decreased the production of IAA, GA and trans zeatin riboside but ABA production was increased. These isolates further showed bacteriocin production. Degree of association of microbes appears to depend on developmental stage and on its root architecture of host plants. Rhizobium and Azospirillum isolated from arid field and induced water stress in pots can be used as inocula to promote growth and yield of plants grown in moisture deficit soil.