حسین بن منصور حلاج اور ان کی صوفیانہ تعلیمات کا علمی وتحقیقی جائزہ

A Sufi poet, teacher and philosopher, Hallaj was executed on the orders of an Abbasside caliph for uttering these words, taken to mean Hallaj as claiming himself to be God. After more than a decade of imprisonment, Hallaj was eventually executed publically in Baghdad in the year 922. He is seen by many as a revolutionary writer and teacher of his time, when practices of mysticism were not meant to be shared publically. Yet he remains a controversial figure, revered by Rumi, hated by many, he was labeled an intoxicated Sufi and is still read today. After his arrest in Sūs and a lengthy period of confinement (c. 911–922) in Baghdad, al-Ḥallāj was eventually crucified and brutally tortured to death. A large crowd witnessed his execution. He is remembered to have endured gruesome torture calmly and courageously and to have uttered words of forgiveness for his accusers. In a sense, the Islāmic community (ummah) had put itself on trial, for al-Ḥallāj left behind revered writings and supporters who courageously affirmed his teachings and his experience. In subsequent Islāmic history, therefore, the life and thought of al-Ḥallāj has been a subject seldom ignored. Here we get a realistic overview about him and his teachings.

Factors Affecting Consumer Path to Purchase and Post Purchase Behavior Through Mobile Marketing Activities: An Integrated Model

Mobile advertising is one the most flourishing businesses throughout the world these days. According to the projections, it is expected to surpass more than 100 billion dollars in the near future, which is more than 50% of total digital advertising budget spent in 2016 globally. One of the possible reasons for this extraordinary growth of mobile advertising can be attributed to the novel penetration and use of smartphones throughout the world. Due to this tremendous growth and remarkable penetration, there is a substantial need for the marketers and business practitioners to better understand their customers’ behavior with respect to their use of this new media. Past researches in the context of mobile marketing are purely conceptual or exploratory in nature. For that reason, there is a substantial need for empirical researches to test the proposed models in order to deeply understand their effectiveness and application in mobile marketing domain. Hence, the aim of current research was to empirically examine the internal and external determinants of mobile marketing having impact on consumer path to purchase and post purchase behavior. These factors were also mediated by emotional value in order to accomplish consumer related behavioral outcomes. A quantitative approach based upon a cross-sectional administered survey was employed to collect the data from 343 university going student as respondents. The Partial Least Square (PLS) two step path modeling was used to test the direct and indirect hypotheses. The results indicate that mobile advertising related factors (except localization) and consumer related factors do impact path to purchase and post purchase behavior sequentially and concurrently through emotional value. Based on the findings of the study, theoretical and practical contributions along with certain limitations and future researches recommendation are discussed consciously.