ملا رموزی
دوسراحادثہ ملا رموزی کی وفات کا ہے، ان کا اصل نام احمد صدیق تھا، مگر ادبی دنیا میں ملا رموزی کے نام سے مشہور تھے، بھوپال وطن تھا، اور مدرسہ الٰہیات کانپور میں تعلیم پائی تھی، مگر حصولِ تعلیم کے بعد خالص ادبی زندگی اختیار کی، وہ اردو میں ایک خاص مزاحیہ طرز کے موجد تھے، جس کانام انھوں نے گلابی اردو رکھا تھا، اور جو انہی کے ساتھ ختم ہوگیا، ایک زمانہ میں یہ طرز بہت مقبول تھا، مگر ادھر چند برسوں سے اس کا رنگ پھیکا پڑگیا تھا، اور مرحوم کے قلم میں وہ تازگی اور جولانی باقی نہیں رہ گئی تھی، وفات کے وقت پچاس سے کچھ اوپر عمر رہی ہوگی جو علمی دنیا کے لئے گویا شباب کی عمر ہے، مگر اتنی ہی عمر میں مرحوم نے شہرت و خمول کے سارے مدارج طے کرلیے تھے، اور بالآخر گذشتہ مہینہ زندگی کا آخری مرحلہ بھی طے ہوگیا، والبقاء ﷲ وحدہ۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۵۲ء)
Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan [d. 2005] can truly be said to be a teacher of teachers [ustadh al-asatadha]. In his long and distinguished academic career spanning over six decades, he brought into existence literally hundreds of teachers in his subject Urdu and also created in many of them a taste for critical research that resulted in the existence of a whole corpus of standard critical material. This will endure in academic circles for a long time. It was his common habit to encourage his students, especially those of an academic bent of mind, to enrol for a Ph.D. In the course of which he would proffer them all kinds of assistance even if he were not their research supervisor. As such, the names of Dr Najmul Islam, who succeeded him as Chairman, Department of Urdu, University of Sindh, stands out. Dr Najmul Islam was the editor of a scholarly research journal, Tehqiq, which appeared in over 20 volumes in his own lifetime. Each issue contained scores of critical essays of a very high academic standard including his own [Dr N. Islam’s]. There is also the name of Dr Hasrat Kasganjvi, who emerged as a creative artist and critic of merit later on authoring dozens of books of high academic standard. The list is long and distinguished and contains the names of the major teachers of Urdu language and literature at the main Pakistani universities. Apart from Urdu teachers, the thousands of persons who had the benefit of attending his lectures and courses are also evidence of his intellectual wide-ranging scholarship. Then there is the select circle of his murids who formed his circle of spiritual knowledge and who had proffered their religious devotion at his hands. To these he gave the benefit of his spiritual counsel and advice as well as the vast knowledge he possessed of the Islamic sciences in his table-talk. Among these persons, the name of ex-President Ziaul Haq is most prominent.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs) that play a critical role in the innate immune system. They recognize specific molecular
patterns from a wide variety of pathogens and initiate a signaling cascade that mobilizes the
appropriate host defense. They are usually expressed on membrane of various subclasses of
immune and non-immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils,
T-cells, B-cells, epithelial, endothelial and fibroblasts. In the present study, the genetic
polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) gene was investigated in indigenous cattle breeds
Achai and Lohani of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa (KPK) province of Pakistan. The complete
sequences of TLR2 gene composed of 5?UTR 136bp, coding sequence 2355bp and 3?UTR 1316
bp. The distribution of polymorphisms was explored in the coding region of TLR2 gene in
studied two cattle breeds. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of coding region
of TLR2 gene showed that the Bos indicus, Bos taurus as the nearest neighbors with other species
bubalus bubalis, Bos frontalis, Bos grunniens, and Bison bison. The Ovis aries and Capra hircus
in a separate group with Capra ibex, Antidorcas marsupialis, Damaliscus pygargus and the
chicken (Gallus gallus) was found to be the farthest specie. The ratio of dS/dN substitutions was
<1 at polymorphic-sites indicating purifying selection. A total of seven polymorphisms were
detected in Achai cattle breed, in which two variations were synonymous and five mutations
were non-synonymous. In the analysis, four polymorphisms were transitions type mutations
and three were transversion. The amino acid [aa] sequences analysis of the coding region (784
aa) revealed extracellular domain composed of 20 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), trans membrane
and Toll-IL receptor domains. A total of four mutations were observed in Extracellular domain,
one in transmembrane domain, and two in TIR domain of TLR-2 protein in Achai cattle breed.
The Lohani cattle breed was more polymorphic at TLR2 gene and a total of 41 polymorphisms
were detected including 20 variations were synonymous and 21 were identified non-synonymous.
Similarly, the amino acid [aa] sequences analysis of the coding region (784 aa) revealed
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extracellular domain composed of 20 LRRs, trans membrane and Toll-IL receptor domains. A
total of 25 polymorphisms were observed in the Extracellular domain, four in transmembrane
domain and five in TIR domain, one in signal peptide. The predicted bovine TLR2 is a succulent
like having energetic sites buried inside the concave side and forming a pocket for
ligand-binding. The present study findings show that the variation may be associated with
pathogens associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) mediated differential TLR-signaling of bovine
immune response and could regulate the consequence of infection