شریعت کی حقیقت اور تعبیرات: افکارِ مجدد الف ثانی کا ایک فنی زاویہ نگاہ

When we analyse the preaching of religion by the Holy Prophets (peace an blessing of Allah be upon them) in the background of history of mankind, we come to know that Allah Almighty offered at least a Shari'ah (a code of social, moral and religious conduct) to every Prophet or bound them to a Shari'ah previousl preached by another Prophet before them. Shari'ah is, in fact, based upon the principles and practices to lead life. There had been at least some differences in the Shari'ah different Prophets with regard to the difference of their time and place. It is a proven fact that the followers of a Prophet had always been bound to follow the Shari'ah of their own Prophets. The Shareeya of the Prophet of Islam (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) is absolutely consummate in every respect and it also fulfills the needs of all times to come. It is because of the fact that Mujtahidin who kept on resorting to Ijtehad. The topic under consideration is an intellectual research analysis of the efforts of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi in the field of Ijtehad in the history of Islam.

Ixp, an Improved Xp Process Model for Small to Medium Scale Projects

Process model is an integral part of software industry for the development of software. Conventional models have been replaced by the agile models in the software industry nowadays. It happened due to the features the agile family offers. These features can address the needs of today?s software development. In agile models, researchers and software professionals merged the top practices of software development and targeted the shortcomings of conventional process models. Extreme programming (XP) process model is one of the most extensively utilized agile process models. Uncertain and changing requirements are handled in it to provide customer contentment. Iterative and incremental method is used in it for developing quality software in small time. XP is optimal to work on small projects. Although it has a lot of advantages, but some of its drawbacks include lack of documentation, no proper architectural structure and system design, and reduced agility due to sequential tests during iteration. These limitations do not make it a good option for medium and large scale projects and it works fine with only small scale projects. Researchers have tried to customize XP to make it appropriate in different situations by tailoring its phases or by adding more practices. But these models do not provide proper direction about handling all of the XP?s limitations. Adding more practices or changing the phases affect its agility due to which it becomes difficult to implement. To address these limitations, this research has introduced IXP, an improved version of XP for small to medium scale projects which eliminates its weaknesses and introduces efficiency and effectiveness in the process of development without affecting its agility and simplicity. The validation of the proposed model is done through a case study in which an empirical analysis is conducted through the development of real time client oriented projects with XP and proposed IXP. The empirical results are compared and reflected through tables and graphs after detailed analysis. A feedback is also collected from the development team of IXP about the effectiveness of proposed IXP practices.