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Research and Development of 3D First Person Shooter Fps Game [Mcs Programme]

Thesis Info

Author

Amir Raza; Naveed Ur Rehman Khan

Supervisor

Taimur Tanveer

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

MCS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2005

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

94 .

Language

English

Other

Report submitted in partial requirement for MCS degree Advisor : Taimur Tanwir; EN; Call No: TP 006.6 AMI-R

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676712933751

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فکشنیات کے نئے تخلیقیت افروز سنگِ میل

نئے ہزارہ کے ربع اول کے عالمی، قومی اور مقامی مابعد جدید تناظر میں نئے عہد کی ناولاتی تخلیقیت کا جشن عالیہ قائم ہے۔ گو بڑے ناول نہ سہی، لیکن اچھے، سچے، اہم اور معنی خیز ناول لکھے جا رہے ہیں۔ بڑے بڑے ناول روز روز وجود میں نہیں آتے۔ اِس ضمن میں فکشن کی شعریات زیادہ تر فکری اور فنی دُشواریاں پیدا کرتی رہی ہے۔ تاہم عالمی ناولاتی تخلیقیت میں بالزاک کے پہلو بہ پہلو مارسل پُروست، جیمس جوائس، ورجینیاولف، الزبیٹھ بوون، کے چشمہئئ شعور کے ناولوں کے علاوہ روب گرئیے، مائیکل بوتر اور مادام ستراط کے ”نو ؤ رو ماں“ میں اور دوسروں کازو اُواِشی گورو (KAZOO ISHIGURO) سیمول بیکٹ، بورہس (بورخیز غلط ہے) گبریل گار شیامار کیز (مارخیز غلط ہے) اِٹالو کالونیو اور امرتوایکو کے یہاں بھی شدت سے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناولاتی فکشن ان دُوگروپوں (مثلاً فاکنر، گریسیا مار کو ئیز، میلان کندیرا، جُو لیو کور تیزار، رینالڈ وار نیاز، اِنجیلا کارٹر اور جنیٹ ونٹرس، ٹونی ماریسن، سلمان رشدی، گنٹر گراس اور میلکم لاوی وغیرہ کے درمیان ایک پیچیدہ لا متناہی مکالمہ قائم و دائم ہے جو دنیا سے ہم رشتگی کے باوجود شدید انفرادی ردّ عمل سے وجود پذیر ہوتا ہے اور مختلف و متنوع ناولاتی رنگ و آہنگ اختیار کرلیتا ہے۔

انتظار ح”ہندوستانی قومی اور مقامی تجربہ“ ”یوروپی تجربہ“ سے مختلف ہے تو ہندوستانی ناول کی بوطیقا یوروپی ناول کی بوطیقا سے مختلف ہوگی۔ وہ ہمارے معاشرتی، تہذیبی، ثقافتی تجربہ، ہماری یاد، ہماری ذہنی کنڈیشنگ، وقت اور ارتقا کی بابت ہمارے فطری ذہنی رویہ اور عمل برتاؤ کے مطابق ہوگی۔ بنیادی سوال یہ ہے کہ ہم اردو ناولوں کی صحیح قدر و قیمت کس بوطیقائی کسوٹی پر متعین کرتے ہیں؟ جب تک ہم اِس فکشنی شعریاتی کسوٹی کے لئے کھری فکریاتی کسوٹی نہیں ڈھونڈتے۔ خود ناول کی...

Revival of Complementary and Alternative Herbal Medicines

Herbal medicines, complementary or alternative medicines is a wide term for the therapies that are not part of standard care but it has many theories regarding efficacy based on personal experiences, history and common knowledge. It has long been used since ancient times since the beginning of human civilization. Its use had caught much attention in the early 1800s, with the development in the science of chemistry, a new era in pharmacotherapeutics and the use of active chemical ingredients in plants which were known to produce favorable therapeutic effects, were explored, active compounds were extracted, purified and their structure was revealed. This advancement paved the way towards modern pharmaceutical therapy. The modern drugs are based on these herbal medicines, after extracting the active and pure chemical compounds. Pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of the active ingredients was explored. It lead to the better understanding of efficacy and safety profile of these drugs and first choice for treatment of various diseases. At the same time, the herbal medicines were considered as secondarily important. After approximately two centuries, the use of herbal medicines have seen a revival globally both in developing as well as developed countries. In the past few years, the practice of using herbal medicines as an alternative and complementary health medicine has gained more importance. Herbal medicines are common for treatment of various ailments including cancer, digestive disorders, pain related disorders, neuropathic ailments and cardiac arrhythmias etc. Even it has been used by pregnant females and mostly perceived as safe. Its use has gained more attraction due to its ‘natural’ approach and lesser side effects. Their use if often overlooked but physicians should pay attention to these medicines. There is lack of familiarity, standardization of the drug components, unproven therapeutic effects in various diseases, unexplored toxicology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and compatibility in patients with varying medical, genetic and demographic history. There are serious concerns regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal products and nutraceuticals. Accidental contamination and deliberate adulteration are assumed to be the main cause of the side effects. Much of the herbal medical knowledge is scattered in different regions of the world and mostly available at family, community and local level and mostly in any native languages. There is need of coherent sources, knowledge, and exploration of these medicines across the world. The herbal medicine has varying diversity in different geological regions and they should be investigated. There should be a regional or national body to control and approve the herbal medicines. Proper documentations on these medicines and food supplements should also be done.

Welfare cost of inflation in Pakistan

This thesis revisits the topic of welfare cost of inflation for the case of Pakistan based on partial equilibrium analysis. However partial equilibrium analysis understate the social and private costs of inflation. Therefore, in this thesis, welfare cost associated with inflation has been estimated empirically as well as through Cash in Advance (CIA) two good model for the case of Pakistan. As the classification of monetary aggregates has been changed, annual data is taken for the period of 1960 to 2007 for the empirical analysis. Results suggest that welfare cost upsurges with the rate of inflation by using the currency in circulation, M1, and M2. When welfare cost is associated with various growth rate of money, it varies from zero to 42 percent