EMPATHY DAN DESIGN THINKING DALAM INOVASI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ERA DISRUPTIF

Abstract the phenomenon of the current disruptive era makes technology develop fast paced. The rapid progress must be matched with the ability of human resources as the executor of the organization. This study aimed to find out the management innovation in Islamic education institution that nowadays becomes a serious concern to face the global competition. The abilities of empathy and design thinking are the skills that need to be had by headmasters in facing the disruptive era. Innovation in Islamic education management is essential to do considering that the success of education goals is seen from how to manage an organization. This study is the result of literary research sourced from indexed scientific journals, books, and news on the internet. The procedures used included three phases, namely organize, synthesize, and identify.  The result of content analysis showed the concept of design thinking as the process to obtain problem solving which is relevant to the education field namely the formulation of new policy and analysis towards a problem by collecting analyses so that it is helpful to obtain right and effective decision making. Abstrak Fenomena era disruptif saat ini menjadikan teknologi berkembang serba cepat. Pesatnya kemajuan harus diimbangi dengan kemampuan SDM sebagai pelaksana organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali inovasi manajemen di lembaga pendidikan Islam yang saat ini menjadi perhatian serius untuk menghadapi persaingan global. Kemampuan empati dan design thinking adalah skill yang harus miliki oleh kepala sekolah dalam menghadapi era disruptif. Inovasi dalam manajemen pendidikan Islam penting dilakukan mengingat keberhasilan tujuan pendidikan dilihat dari cara mengelola organisasi. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil riset kepustakaan dengan referensi jurnal ilmiah terindeks, buku dan berita di internet. Prosedur yang digunakan meliputi 3 tahap, yaitu organize, synthesize dan identify.  Hasil analisis isi menunjukkan konsep design thinking sebagai proses menghasilkan problem solving relevan dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya perumusan kebijakan baru dan analisis terhadap suatu permasalahan dengan mengumpulkan analisa-analisa sehingga membantu dalam upaya pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dan efektif.

Analytical Solutions for Some Unsteady Flows of Second Grade and Rate Type Fluids

This work presents new results regarding the behavior of some non-Newtonian fluids into different circumstances. After some preliminaries regarding constitutive equations, motion equations and integral transforms, new exact solutions for the ve- locity field and the shear stress corresponding to some flows with technical relevance have been established for ordinary second grade, Oldroyd-B fluids and generalized Maxwell fluids. Just as in the case of Navier-Stokes fluids, it is necessary to develop a large class of exact and approximate solutions, they serving as tests to verify nu- merical schemes that are developed to study complex unsteady flow problems. In chapter 2, by means of the Laplace transform, there are established new exact solutions corresponding to the first problem of Stokes for Oldroyd-B fluids. These solutions, in accordance with the previous results obtained using Fourier sine trans- form, can be easily specialized to give similar solutions for Maxwell fluids. The main aim of chapter 3 was to solve a very important problem, namely to determine the re- quired time to reach the steady-state for the second problem of Stokes corresponding to second grade fluids. In addition to solve this problem we also found new exact so- lutions for this problem. Our solutions, unlike the solutions obtained by Erdogan for Newtonian fluids, are written as a sum between steady state and transient solutions. Chapter 4 contains exact solutions for the unsteady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate. In the absence of side walls the obtained solutions tend to the similar solutions for the flow over a flat plate (the first problem of Stokes). The influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid at the middle of the channel as well as on the shear stress on the bottom is underlined by graphical illustrations. In chapter 5, by means of Laplace and Hankel transforms, we obtained the solutions for unsteady flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid between two circular cylinders. These solutions, presented as a sum of the Newtonian solutions and the non-Newtonian contributions, can be easily specialized to give the similar solutions for ordinary Maxwell fluids. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid are also underlined by graphical illustrations.