عبدالرحمن اطہر سلیمیؔ(۱۹۴۲ء۔۱۹۹۴ء) سلیمیؔ تخلص کیا کرتے تھے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۸۵ء میں گورنمنٹ ڈگری کالج ناروال میں لیکچرار کی حیثیت سے آ پ کی تعیناتی ہوئی۔ پھر گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سیالکوٹ میں تبادلہ ہوا۔ پھر ۱۹۸۸ء میں جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں تبدیل کر دئیے گئے۔ (۹۷۷) اطہر سلیمی ؔ اپنا شعری کلام اپنی زندگی میں شائع نہیں کروا سکے۔ البتہ ان کے کلام کے مسودے ان کے ورثا کے پاس موجود ہیں۔ ایک مسودہ نعتوں پر مشتمل ہے جس کا نام حمٰ ہے اسے سلیمیؔ کے بیٹے شمیل اجود نے ترتیب دیا ہے۔
اطہر سلیمیؔ بنیادی طورپر غزل گو شاعر ہیں لیکن انھوں نے نظم بھی لکھی ہے۔ وہ غزل میں روایت اور جدیدیت کو ساتھ لے کر چلتے ہیں۔ اطہرلفظ کے حسن اور اس کے استعمال سے باخبر ہیں۔ان کی ڈکشن ان کی غزل کو جدید شاعری میں شامل کرتی ہے۔ آپ نے اپنی شاعری میں خوبصورت تتلیوں، جگنوؤں ،چناروں ،آنگنوں ،چاندنی اور رنگوں کا ـذکر کیا ہے۔ اس طرح ان کی غزل فکری نکھار کے ساتھ لفظیاتی فن سے سجی ہوئی ہے۔ اس حوالے سے چند اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
دھوئیں میں ڈوبے ہیں پھول تارے چراغ جگنو چنار کیسے
نئی رتوں کے اُڑن کھٹولوں پہ آرہے ہیں سوار کیسے
تہوں کی کالی چٹائیوں پہ سسکتی لہروں کو کیا خبر ہے
کیے ہیں تتلی نے چاندنی میں کنول سے قول و قرار کیسے
(۹۷۸)
_اطہر اپنی شاعری میں منظر نگاری بھی کرتے ہیں۔مناظر کے علاوہ وہ انسان کے گردو نواح میں پائی جانے والی پریشانیوں ،دکھوں ا ور ظلم و ستم کی لفظوں سے تصویر کشی کرتے ہیں۔ اطہر کی شاعری میں ہمیں گہرا سماجی...
An FM Broadcast Trainer was developed to expose the students to the basic equipment needed in radio broadcasting. The cost of Portable FM Broadcast Trainer is much lower than the cost of the traditional commercial equipment because of the materials used. The FM Broadcast Trainer is laboratory equipment that can be used by schools offering academic programs in Industrial Courses specifically Electronics Communication courses. At present there is no portable FM broadcast station available in the local market. Some schools are reluctant to by new FM station equipment since these are quite costly. To resolve this problem, the researchers deemed it necessary to design and develop a portable FM Broadcast Trainer that is simple and affordable to fulfil the basic curricular requirements for offering courses in Electronics Communication Technicians. This is a requirement for our graduates to qualify to take the Radio Telephone Operator examination given by the National Telecommunication Commission the telecommunication body in the Philippines counterpart of Federal Communication Commission in the US. Aside from this, the station will be a venue for Mass Communications students and a vehicle for channelling important announcement from the School.
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces Cry toxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides. Cry2Aa and Cry2Ac are among unusual subset of crystalline proteins possessing broad insect species specificity by exhibiting high specific activity against larvae from two insect orders, Lepidoptera and Diptera of agricultural and public health significance. The cry2Ac11 gene is located at third position (orf3) in operon comprising of three genes. It needs accessory proteins for crystal formation and high yield. Translation initiation is key rate-limiting step. It is well-known that stable structure at a ribosome binding site (RBS) impedes initiation. Modification in RBS-spacer region tunes translation initiation rates. Genetic manipulation of cry2Ac11 gene without helper protein was carried out in this study by optimizing ribosomal binding site and spacer region (RBS-ATG) in translation initiation region (TIR). The five different types of mutations were introduced in TIR to unveil inhibitory and excitatory effects on translation. These mutants are: 1), operSalI/RBSD and mut/RBSD in which downstream RBS (GGAGG) 6 bp downstream to native RBS was introduced in TIR of cry2Ac11 operon and gene; 2), mut/RBSF in which four nucleotides (ATGGG) were incorporated after RBS-ATG spacer region; 3), mut/RBSSin which overlapping start and two stop codons were introduced after RBS-ATG spacer region; 4), mut/RBSSP in which RBS-ATG spacerregion waslengthened to 23 nucleotides; 5), mut/RBS2 in which consecutive two ATGs were incorporated in TIR. Secondary structures of mutants, estimated by CLC Main Workbench, revealed that mut/RBS2 RNA exhibits most stable structure in RBS-AUG region. RBS Calculator predicts high translation rate in mut/RBSD and mut/RBS2. Mutants were expressed in B. thuringiensis 4Q7 acrystalliferous strain. The transcriptomics-proteomics profiles of all cry2Ac11 constructs provide a unique opportunity to investigate how faithfully the transcriptional profile is manifested at the protein level. Therefore, in this study correlation between mRNA abundance and protein expression profiles in all Cry2Ac11 recombinant strains were also investigated. The highest transcript profile of B. thuringiensis 4Q7-mut/RBS2, (a mutant in which consecutive multiple AUG were introduced), was obtained by Real time PCR. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE profile of total cellular proteins indicated that overexpression of Cry2Ac11 (65kDa) was obtained in 4Q7-mut/RBS2. It was concluded that overexpression of Cry2Ac11 toxin without helper protein in mut/RBS2 mRNA was most likely due to presence of consecutive start codons (AUGs) in TIR. Presence of RBS in the single stranded part of moderately stable hairpin loop (ΔG = 8.7 kcal/mol) in mut/RBS2 facilitates the interaction of RBS to the complementary 16S rRNA sequences of 30S ribosomal subunit. In proposed model, multiple factors are thought to contribute in translation efficiency of mut/RBS2 (cry2Ac11 mutants without helper protein) which includes stabilizer sequence at 5′ and 3′ ends, the availability of the RBS for binding to the anti-SD of 16S rRNA of 30S ribosomal unit and optimal context of RBS-AUG region provided by multiple AUGs in TIR.