تجارتی معاملات میں ترغیبات و مراعات کی انواع و اقسام: شریعت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی مطالعہ

Wherever person goes, he finds unless it finds advertisement tools in various shapes and sizes. These ads, which have become an important pattern in the life of traders are indispensable for them than in contemporary reality. But now companies are specializing in the production of these ads and incentives, taking advantage of all the modern means of magazines and broadcasting video and audio formats and even mobile internet services.  Each of these companies have their own philosophy of it, some of which consider the legitimate controls in advertisements but other are to make money regardless of the appropriateness of these ads or following the controls of legitimacy and this research aims at highlighting the most important of these Islamic perspective controls which must be adhered when designing these commercials ads.  Islam regulates the trade system and provides a sound guideline to its followers. It has forbidden all the malpractices being exercised in business and its advertisement. The research talks about the commercial advertisements, their types, aims and the opinions of Islamic experts about them. Besides, the research proves that advertisement is permissible according to shariah.

Comparative Study of Students? Achievement in Schools With Head Teachers of Different Leadership Styles

Leadership plays vital role in any organization to achieve the main objectives of the organization. In schools, all the activities are arranged by a leader to achieve the maximum level of students? achievement. A better leadership style basically improves theemployees? performance that results to increase students? learning. To achieve the main goals of any educational institution, different leadership styles are practiced like democratic, autocratic and laissez faire leadership style etc. This study is targeted to evaluate the comparative students? achievements in District Lodhran under headship of different leadership styles. This is a comparative study in nature inwhich two dimensions of leadership styles have been selected by reviewing the available literature. All the secondary schools Girls/Boys in district Lodhran are the population of the study. A sample of 75 male and female heads has been selected by using convenience sampling technique. This research has adopted the questionnaire as a tool for data collection from the heads of secondary schools. After collecting the data, the responses have been logged in SPSS software for analyzing the quantitative results of selected variable in the research model. Research analysis has shown that there is difference in the leadership style of male and female head teachers. Female head teachers are more democratic than male head teachers. Students? achievement is different under democratic leadership style and autocratic leadership style. The academic achievement of students under democratic leadership style is higher than that of autocratic leadership style. This study recommends that democratic leadership style should be practiced in the educational institutions. The head teachers should be trained so that they may treat teaching and non-teaching staff democratically to achieve maximum goals of the organization.