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Thesis Info

Author

Iram Shahzadi; Sidra Nasir Shah

Supervisor

Muhammad Bilal

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

BSc

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

varP

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for BCS degree Advisor; Bilal Muhammad; EN; Call No: TP 005.740297 SID-B

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712988138

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مراتب اختر کی شاعری کا پس منظر اور معاصر منظر نامہ

مراتب اختر کی شاعری کا پس منظر اور معاصر منظر نامہ

 

مراتب علی اختر کی شاعری کا پس منظر

 

                تغیر و تبدل انسانی زندگی کا خاصہ ہے اور تخلیقِ آدم سے ہی شاید یہ سلسلہ شروع ہو گیا تھا۔اگر مختلف تہذیبوں کی تاریخ کا مطالعہ کیاجائے تو یہ ثابت ہوتا ہے کہ تہذیبوں کی تبدیلی کے ساتھ ساتھ زبان وادب بھی متاثر ہوتا رہا اور اس میں بتدریج تبدیلیاں ہوتی رہیں۔یہ ایک مسلمہ حقیقت ہے کہ ادب معاشرے کو متاثر کرتا ہے اور معاشرہ ادب پر اثر انداز ہوتا ہے۔ اُردو زبان بھی ابتدائی دور میں فارسی ادب سے زیادہ متاثر ہوئی۔ اُردو کی ابتدائی شاعری کے مطالعہ سے پتا چلتا ہے کہ ہمارے شعراء نے بھی وہی گل وبلبل کے قصے اور محبوب کی بے وفائی کو شاعری کا موضوع بنایا۔ اگرچہ مرزا مظہر علی خاں کو بعض ناقدین اُردو شاعری کی کثافت کو کم کرنے کا معمارِ اوّل سمجھتے ہیں اور میرتقی میرؔ نے بھی یہ دعویٰ کیا تھا۔

                اِس بات پر تمام ناقدین متفق ہیں کہ اُردو شاعری میں جدت کی بنیاد مولانا الطاف حسین حالیؔ نے رکھی۔ اگرچہ اِس سے پہلے نظیر اکبرآبادیؔ بھی شاعری کو اُمرا کی محفلوں سے نکال کر غرباء کے مساکن اور گلی محلوں تک لے آئے تھے۔ مگر حالی وہ شخصیت ہیں جنہوںنے اس بنیاد پر بہت بڑی عمارت کھڑی کردی۔ مولانا الطاف حسین حالیؔ اس حوالے سے ’’مجموعہ نظم حالی‘‘ میں جدید اردو شاعری میں فطرت نگاری، مقصدیت اور سادگی کو شاعری کا لازمہ قرار دیتے ہیں۔(۱)

                مولانا الطاف حسین حالیؔ سرسید کے رفقائے کار میں سے تھے اور سرسید احمد خان کے نظریات، فلسفہ اور اصلاحِ قوم کے...

A True Vision of Human Rights in Islam

If one accepts the premise of the Old Testament that Adam was created in the image of God, this implies that the divine stamp gives human beings a high value of worth. In similar vein, the Quran says: Surely we have accorded dignity to the Sons of Man. So too, in the Bhagavad-Gita: Who sees his Lord Within every creature deathlessly dwelling amidst the mortal: That man sees truly. Put another way, in a religious context, every human being is considered sacred. Believing in a common universal Divine force, which gives rise to a common humanity and from this flows a universality of certain rights. Since the rights stem from a divine source, they are inalienable by mortal authority. This concept is found not only in the Judaeo-Christian tradition but in Islam in its more advanced and wider perspective. The present study is an attempt to provide an epilogue on human rights given in the Qur’an and Sunnah. It is an in-depth analysis of Human Rights and dignity of person, encompassing its various dimensions. The study is an attempt to understand the true philosophy of human rights in Islam. It aims at providing an ethical and legal basis for the realization of implementation of human rights in the world states in general and in the Muslim states in particular.

Effects of Serotonin-1A Agonist and Stress on Memory Enhancing and Reinforcing Effects of Methyphenidate and Caffeine

CNS stimulents seem to be effects for depreshiun,cognitiv dsordrs and obesity but are addictive. Buprune, is a 5HT agnist.cognitiv improving dsignedects of methylfhenidate and cafeine in RETSSS exposed to 2hr imobilizatiun stres. Reinforing dsignedects of drog were munitored as drog-induced behaviorl sentizatiun .Cognitiv performance and drog-induced enhancement of memury were munitored in a Moris Water Mase Test. ü Methyphenidate, a pscychstimulantis usually prescribed for tretment of ADHD. Repeted adminstrathiun of methylfhenidate ata doze of 0.5 mgg/kgg dose produces anorexia, behaviorl sentizatiun, anxiolytic and memury enhncing dsignedects but stres exposure impaired memury more than in water treted animls. ü Coffe, as a source of cafeine is used to munitor its dsignedects un behaviorl sentizatiun and memury. Coffe ata doze of 0.5 gm/kg dose administed repetedly produced behaviorl sentizatiun and hyphophagic dsignedects. Exposure to 2hr imobilizatiun stres potentiated these dsignedects. The memury wes inhanced in RETSSS treted with coffe which sugests inhanced cognitiv profile of coffe but exposure to 2hr imobilizatiun stres attenuted the memury enhncing dsignedects of coffe and potentiates the behaviorl sentizatiun and hypophagic dsignedects. ü Buprune is 5-HT1A presynaptic receptr agnist with anxiolytic activity. Buprune potentiated the hyphophagic dsignedects induce by methlphenidate and attenutedmethylfhenidate induced behaviorl sentizatiun, It could be DSIGNEDEFACTIVE in treating methylfhenidate induce renforcement in ADHD individuals .The memury enhncing dsignedects of methylfhenidate were also attenuted by repeted adminstrathiun of buprune . ü Cafeine induced behaviorl sentizatiun in the animls, which wes dose dependent. Buprune attenuted behaviorl sentizatiun as well as memury enhncing dsignedects of coffe.