نصاب سازی میں تربیتی واخلاقی جہات: عصری ترجیحات اور فقہ السیرۃ

For the development of Muslim society it is necessary that its people should be trained on the basis of Islamic teachings. This could not be possible until we design a curriculum of seerah which is according to the contemporary needs of character building. The purpose of designing such curriculum is to train our youth in such a way that they would be able not only to take advantage from our rich tradition but also they are well prepared to hold the leadership of the country. We have to keep in mind, while designing seerah curriculum, that it is not revealed. Infact we have to design it according to the needs of hour. If we keep in consideration the ideological and contemporary requisites than we would be able to get the desired results. Islam provides basic principals in this regard. Following these instructions we would be able to design a curriculum which produced the required results.

Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Assessment of Taverniera Nummularia and Ifloga Spicata.

The present studies were performed to investigate the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of different solvent fractions (methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water) of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata. The different solvent fractions were tested for various types of phytochemicals, antimicrobial assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and detoxification effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on blood lymphocytes of humans under induced stress of H2O2. Methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibacterial potential against S. aureus. The ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform significantly showed higher antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The different fractions for antibacterial activity used against E. coli were methanolic ethyl acetate, aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform. Maximum activity against fungi was exhibited by chloroform fraction against Aspergillus niger (64%), Aspergillus flavus (62.02%) and Aspergillus fumigates (59.25%). The n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate showed higher antioxidant activity were higher for n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate as a compare to other fractions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the human blood lymphocytes were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved by the various leaf fractions of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata at 50µg/ml under H2O2 stress methanol and aqueous fractions being the most effective ones. The increase in antioxidant enzymes activities showed significant decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content.The in vivo antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia (T. nummularia) and Iflago spicata (I. spicata) was investigated in mice. Treatment with alloxan significantly. The alloxan treated mice exhibited a significant increase in blood glucose level, total bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,creatinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol content as compared with control group (p<0.05). Treatment with methanolic leaf extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata significantly decreased blood glucose level and resulted in a better body weight under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, increases in the content of bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,Craetinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol due to hyperglycemia was normalized by treatment with methanolic extract of both the plant species. Further column chromatography to find the basic ingredients responsible for this potential will be very useful and interesting. This can result in diversity in natural product and pharmaceutical chemistry.