پاکستان کی سیاسی و قومی یکجہتی کے فروغ میں اُردو زبان کا کردار

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and plays a significant role in promoting political and national solidarity in the country. Languageserves as a unifying force that brings together people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds and fosters a sense of shared identity and belonging. One of the main ways in which Urdu promotes political and national solidarity is through its use as a medium of communication across the country. Urdu is widely spoken and understood in Pakistan, and its use as an official language ensures that people from all regions of the country can communicate effectively with each other. This helps to promote a sense of unity and understanding between different groups, which is essential for building a strong and cohesivenation. In addition to its role as a medium of communication, Urdu also has a rich literary and cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with the history and identity of Pakistan. Urdu poetry, literature, music, and art have played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural landscape and providing a shared cultural identity for its people. Furthermore, usingUrdu in political discourse and media plays a crucial role in promoting national unity and solidarity. Political leaders and media outlets use Urdu to communicate with the public. Thelanguage is often used to express nationalistic sentiments and promote a sense of pride in Pakistan's culture and heritage. Urdu plays a vital role in promoting Pakistan's political and national solidarity byserving as a unifying force that brings together people from different regions and cultural backgrounds. Its use as a medium of communication, its rich literary and cultural heritage, and its role in political discourse and media all contribute to fostering a sense of shared identity and belonging among Pakistanis.

The Camparative Efficacy of Garlic and Other Selective Natural Product Extracts As Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Qsi Effective Against Biofilm Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of humans, animals as well as of plants. It is the most common Gram-negative bacterium found in nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas associated biofilms are highly resistant to high doses of antibiotics. Recent discoveries of quorum quenching (QQ) mechanisms use quorum sensing (QS) as a potential antimicrobial target. Interference with QS can be a novel and effective tool to manage recalcitrant pathogenic microbes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to monitor the biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and to examine the efficacy of garlic extract as antipathogenic drugs in selective P. aeruginosa strains. To achieve this goal we investigated the effect of garlic extract and other compounds on P. aeruginosa quorum sensing in terms of biofilm formation. For this purpose, local identified strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BTP1 (KU534099) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WPP1 (KU534100)) of P. aeruginosa was used. Biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was determined through tube method, congo red medium and microtitration plate method. Then the N-acyl homserine lactone (N-AHL) autoinducers of P. aeruginosa were detected through biosensors. Garlic (Allium sativum) extract and other selected natural plants extracts like moringa (Moringa oleifera), neem (Azadirachta indica) were tested as quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) for P. aeruginosa through N-AHL interference assay, pigment inhibition assay, swarming inhibition assay and biofilm inhibition assay. The results outcomes of present study showed that P. aeruginosa infections were found in above-mentioned hospitals with frequency 13.5% (AH), 9% (DHQ) and 7.5% (NH). P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from following sources with a significant rate throat infections (14.7%), wounds (13.3%), hospital instruments (8.6%) and soil (3.3%). Pyocyanin production, swarming and biofilm could be reduced up to 55-60%, 65-75% and 75-85% by ethanolic extracts of garlic, neem and moringa. Through these studies, we explored the potential of these compounds as antipathogenic drugs.