عدل اجتماعی کے تصورات کا جائزہ و اہمیت قرآن و حدیث اور عالمی مذاہب کے تناطر میں

Human beings have been created in proportion and perfection by the Creator, as He is Just and Fair and likes justice and fairness in making and implementing laws. Justice is the key on every level from individual to State and interstate for peaceful and smooth functioning. Justice holds universal acceptance from the laws of nature to the creation of beings, while injustice leads to chaos. It causes the decline and disgrace among civilized societies. The chaos and terrorism in contemporary world is all because of injustices by individuals and by the States. The teachings of the messangers of Allah were to create the justice and equality at every level in the society. Deviation from the teachings of Allah and His messangers with respect to justice is a way towards destruction. Any nation that forgoes justice becomes victim of injustice itself and the consequences are ultimate anarchy and chaos. Islam as a universal religion demands the justice in every sphere of life. Islam and its teachings are for peace and prosperity. It promulgates and promotes human dignity and the value of Justice, equality and peace. Today the Ummah is in desperate need of adopting and practicing justice and fairness as the Creator has shown in His Word and Work.

Toxicological Studies on Some Selected Vegetables Grown in Peri-Urban Area of Multan

Freshwater is an inimitable natural source with fascinating qualities. Worldwide availability of clean water is deficient as its demand has increased three folds since 1950s mainly in countries of African, Middle Eastern and South Asian regions (Gleick, 2003). Amongst major water consuming segments, agriculture ranks at the top, sharing for nearly 85% of worldwide utilization (Jury and Vaux, 2007). Several millions people are likely to face challenge of severe water scarcity associated with global warming in future. Around 92% total land in Pakistan constitutes arid or semi arid areas where the availability of water is naturally insufficient. Pakistan has not been blessed with ample water resources to meet the irrigation requirements of agricultural lands (Tahir et al., 2011). About 27% of the total geographic area is under cultivation in Pakistan. In Punjab, total area under crop production is 57% of total cultivated area (Rehman et al., 2013). Vegetables are annually grown on an area of 253,800 hectares in Pakistan (Perveen et al., 2010). There are several contributing factors leading to water shortage in Pakistan including poor distribution systems of irrigation, salty ground water, rapid population growth and frequent drought conditions. This situation has lead to the application of untreated city waste water for irrigating agricultural lands which has now become a common and prevalent practice in Pakistan (Khalil and Kakar, 2011) especially in peri-urban areas and in many other developing countries of the world (Ensink et al., 2004a; Sharma et al., 2007; Nagajyothi et al., 2009; Nath et al., 2009).