تین مسلمان ادبی نوبل انعام یافتہ فکشن نگار : مصر کے نجیب محفوظ، ترکی کے اورہان پاموک، اورزنجبار( اب تنزانیہ ) کے عبدالرزاق گرنہ:::
1۔ نجیب محفوظ ایک قابل احترام مصری ناول نگار، ڈرامہ نویس، مسودہ نگار اور مصنف تھے جنہیں عربی ادب کے ہم عصر ادیبوں میں شمار کیا جاتا ہے۔ نجیب محفوظ 1988 میں ادب کا نوبل انعام حاصل کرنے والے پہلے عرب مصنف تھے۔ انہوں نے 18 سال کی کم عمری میں لکھنا شروع کیا تھا اور اپنی موت تک اس دلچسپی کو جاری رکھا۔ نجیب محفوظ نے اپنے ادبی کیرئیر کا آغاز مختصر کہانیوں اور جرائد سے کیا تاہم بعد میں انہوں نے ناول لکھنا شروع کیا جس سے انہیں بین الاقوامی سطح پر پہچان ملی۔ ان کی تخلیقات اصل میں عربی میں تھیں اور بعد میں انگریزی، فرانسیسی اور جرمن میں ترجمہ ہوئیں۔ نجیب محفوظ کے زیادہ تر کاموں میں قدیم دور میں مصر میں رائج بادشاہت کے نظام، نوآبادیاتی نظام اور موجودہ مصر کے بارے میں ان کے خیالات پیش کیے گئے۔ یہ بنیادی طور پر سیاسی قیدیوں اور خواتین سے متعلق معاشرتی مسائل سے نمٹتا تھا۔ اس کا دو ٹوک بیانیہ انداز مذہبی گروہوں کی طرف سے شدید غم و غصے کا باعث بنا اور اس کے بعد بعض کاموں پر پابندی لگا دی گئی۔ اپنی زندگی کے دوران، انہوں نے 350 سے زیادہ مختصر کہانیاں، 34 ناول، 5 ڈرامے اور چند مسودے شائع کیے۔
محفوظ کی پیدائش11 دسمبر 1911 میں پرانے قاہرہ میں ایک نچلے متوسط طبقے کے مسلم مصری خاندان میں ہوئی۔ ان کے کمپاؤنڈ کے پہلے حصے کا نام معروف ماہر امراض نسواں، نجیب پاشا محفوظ کی تعریف میں منتخب کیا گیا، جو اس کی مشکل پیدائش کی نگرانی کرتے تھے۔ محفوظ ساتواں اور سب سے چھوٹا بچہ تھا، چار بھائیوں اور دو بہنوں کے ساتھ، یہ...
This study aims to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI), sleep patterns, working years, physical workload, mental workload, and work time on work fatigue on nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 56 people. Sampling using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire. Bodyweight is measured by weight scales, body temperature is measured by microtoice, and physical workload is measured by a pulse oximeter, which is by looking at the pulse of the nurse before and after work. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between Body Mass Index (BMI) on work fatigue (p = 0.001), there is an effect of sleep patterns on work fatigue (p = 0.019), there is an effect of tenure on work fatigue (p = 0.017), the relationship between physical workload and work fatigue (p = 0.000), there is an effect of mental workload on work fatigue (p = 0.000) and there is an effect of length of work on work fatigue (p = 0.017). The physical workload is the variable with the greatest influence on work fatigue on nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar with Exp. (B) = 14,526. The results of this study concluded that there was a significant influence between the Body Mass Index (BMI), sleep patterns, years of work, physical workload, mental workload, and length of work for nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar.
The present study deals with the personality and vocational interests of the high school students. Relationship between personality and vocational interests and the degree of agreement between vocational aspirations and vocational interests of the students were carried out in the current study. The differences with respect to demographical variables on personality and vocational interests were also explored. The main study was conducted on the sample of 596 students (319 male and 277 female students with a mean age of 15.73 years) belonging to 7 government schools. There were 303 students belonging to science group and 292 students belonging to Arts group. The different relationships between the personality and vocational interests were assessed through a series of statistical analysis of Correlation, Multiple regression analysis, t test and One Way Analysis of Variance. The Alpha reliabilities of main domains of NEO PI-R range from .36 (Openness) to .84 (Conscientiousness). The Alpha reliabilities for scales of Self Directed Search (SDS) range from .53 to .68 for Activities, .55 to .66 for Competencies, .76 to .81 for Occupations, and .71 to .80 for summary scales. The results established the psychometric properties of the instruments. A moderate relationship was found between FFM and Holland model. The study identified the vocational preferences of students with respect to demographical variables. The results revealed significant gender differences on personality and vocational interests. The study also determined the vocational aspirations of the students and found the degree of agreement between vocational aspirations and vocational interests for most preferred careers. The results revealed a moderate state of congruence for careers (doctor and teacher) and a state of incongruence for some careers (army, lawyer, and engineer). The findings of the study are also reinforced from the opinion of experts. Some pertinent areas were identified for future research. The present research contributed both for theory and practice. The findings may be valuable in the field of career counseling as well as for policy makers in the field of education.