مولانا سید شاہ محمد قمرالدین پھلواروی
یہ خبر بھی افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ مولانا سید شاہ محمد قمرالدین صاحب پھلواروی، امیر شریعت صوبہ بہار نے ۳۱؍ جنوری کو انتقال فرمایا، مرحوم مولانا سید شاہ بدرالدین صاحب مرحوم، امیر شریعت اول کے صاحبزادے اور علم و عمل میں اپنے اسلاف کرام کے خلف الصدق تھے، اپنے بڑے بھائی مولانا سید شاہ محی الدین صاحب مرحوم امیر شریعت ثانی کے انتقال کے بعد ان کے جانشین ہوئے اور امارت شرعیہ کی روایات اور اس کے مذہبی کاموں کو پوری طرح قائم و برقرار رکھا، ان کی وفات سے خاندان پھلواروی کی ایک اہم یادگار مٹ گئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کے اخلاف کو ان کے نقش قدم پر چلنے کی توفیق بخشے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۵۷ء)
Islam has given the dignity to women more than as it is given by any other religious or social system. This dignity covers almost every fiedld of life. Business is also one of these fields, where Islam has provided a variety of oppurtunities. Basic sources of Islam, that are, Quran and Hadith elaborated all these rights of women. The right of being a business-woman as provided by Islam is based on the one of the basic principals of Islam, that is, equality of oppurtunities without taking into consideration the gender of a member of the society. A woman can exercise all these rights as a man can. Women are the other half of the society and without which life cannot be imiginated on its peak. It is imperitive to mention here that women are playing a pivotal role in the development of any country/society and it is impossible to achive advancement without the participation of women. In this article, different kinds of rights that are given to women in an Islamic system such as policital, financial, health, educational, social and family rights, are being dicussed in detail. An exculsive foxus remained on business related rights of a woman.
Central carbon-carbon collisions at 4.2 A GeV/c using: the experimental data coming from 2m propane bubble chamber; Dubna Cascade Model and Ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Monte Carlo codes have been studied in this thesis. The data has been analyzed with a new statistical method which is not sensitive to the background and doesn’t require any prior information on the dynamics of the interaction. The obtained results show that the behavior of the nearest neighbor spacing momentum distributions of particles produced from 12 CC collisions at 4.2 A GeV/c changes with multiplicity critically. A comparison of the experimental results with ones coming from the models gives a possibility/indication that the critical values can be connected with central collisions. Hence the critical values of multiplicity have been used to fix the centrality. The results obtained are independent of the prevalent models for such analysis.