مولوی محمد الحسنی
جون کا معارف طباعت کے آخری مرحلہ میں تھا کہ اچانک اطلاع ملی کہ ندوۃ العلماء کے نقیب رسالہ البعث الاسلامی کے مدیر مولوی محمد الحسنی کا انتقال ہوگیا، یہ خبر اتنی خلاف توقع تھی کہ بڑی دیر تک یقین نہیں آیا، ان کی عمر زیادہ نہیں تھی، چالیس سے تین ہی چارسال آگے بڑھے ہوں گے، صحت بھی اچھی تھی، کبھی کسی طویل یا شدید بیماری میں مبتلا نہیں ہوئے تھے، جب ملاقات ہوتی، ہشاش بشاش نظر آئے۔
یہ سچ ہے کہ جو آیا ہے، اسے ایک دن جانا ضرور ہے، کل نفس ذائقتہ الموت[ العنکبوت:۵۷] لیکن کسے معلوم تھا کہ ان کا وقت موعود اتنا قریب ہے، ہم لوگوں کے سامنے تو بچے تھے، ان کی پیدائش کل کی بات معلوم ہوتی ہے، ہم کس طرح خیال کرتے تھے کہ وہ ہم سے پہلے رخصت سفر باندھ لیں گے۔ لیکن ان کے دوستوں اور ہم سنوں کو بھی اس تیزروی کا گمان نہیں تھا، ان کی جسمانی ساخت اور صحت کی رفتار دیکھ کر سبھی عمر طویل کی پیشنگوئی کرتے تھے، لیکن ظاہر بینوں کے یہ سارے اندازے غلط ثابت ہوئے اور اﷲ کی مشیت پوری ہو کر رہی، تقدیر کے سامنے تدبیر نے سپر ڈال دی، اور انسان کی مجبوری دبے بسی ہی نہیں خام خیالی اور غلط اندیشی بھی نمایاں ہوگئی۔
مصلحت ایزدی تھی کہ وہ چھوٹی عمر ہی میں اس دنیا سے کوچ کر جائیں تقدیر الٰہی کے رازہائے سربستہ کی نقاب کشائی انسان کے بس میں نہیں ہے، اس کا علم ناقص اس کی نظر کوتاہ اور اس کا علم محدود ہے، ان حالات میں وہ حکمت الٰہی کا احاطہ کس طرح کرسکتا ہے، عالم غیب ہماری نگاہوں سے اوجھل ہے، ہم ظاہربیں باطن کے حقائق سے ناواقف ہیں، البتہ اﷲ کی مصلحت پر ہمارا ایمان ہے، اور...
The immune system also called as the defense system involves many different cells that work as soldiers in an individual. These immune cells provide protection against various pathogens. For better protection of an individual the immune systems has the ability to memorize or remember the pathogen. This ability is known as immunological memory. With the help of immunological memory the immune memory cells remember the antigen and are prepared if there is an encounter with the antigen in future. The immunological memory can be developed against certain strains with the help of different types of vaccines. Such types of vaccines that are currently being used to save lives are, Live attenuated vaccines, Toxoid vaccines, Subunit vaccines, Glyco-conjugated vaccines, and Killed/Inactivated vaccines. These vaccine show different efficiency. Hence, the immunological memory generated after a single vaccination may wear off with time. Multiple numbers of shots are required for the development of long term memory. All these types of vaccines vary from each other in their manufacturing and also in their mechanism of providing long term immunological memory. They show many pros and cons but their advantages are greater than their disadvantages. Thus, are preferred to be used for the betterment of mankind.
Vocabulary Coinage in J.K Rowling's Works This study is taken up to explore the idea that coined vocabulary is one of the major reasons for the popularity of the Harry Potter series and that it enhances the linguistic creativity of its readers when the readers explore the meanings and etymology of coined words, which are mainly lexical items based on the root languages of English - mainly Latin, Greek and French. To explore this phenomenon, the text of all seven books was critically analyzed because the coined words are embedded in the story. This critical analysis was done keeping in view the Strict Relexification Hypothesis of Michel DeGraff, professor of Linguistics at Massachussets Institute of Technology. DeGraff has reevaluated the Relexification Hypothesis presented by Claire Lefebvre of Quebec University who has worked on Haitian Creole: developed as a third language through the interaction of two different languages (French and African Ewe) but with little interaction between the speakers of the two languages. Professor DeGraff’s reanalysis states that copying of lexical items of one socially superior language (superstratum-French) and its phonetic borrowing done as phonological representations by the socially inferior language (substratum-African Ewe) were not copied exactly, so with the passage of time, it became a third language, because the semantics of the borrowed lexical items changed as well. This was due to the exposure of the substratum speakers to the superstratum language (in this case, French). J. K. Rowling is a scholar of Latin, Greek and French languages, and is well-read in classical literature. This has led to the word coinages rooted in Latin, Greek and French having meanings based on these root words but to which the grammatical rules of English word-formation are applied. This has led to a separate Harry Potter language, words of which are used by the readers, as attested by book reviews, research papers and many websites. To determine the interest of the readers in coined vocabulary specifically, a survey was conducted for student readers and English teachers of private schools. The approximate age group selected was eight to 25 years. The results were analyzed through SPSS-14, and presented in the form of tables and pie charts.