برصغیر میں عربی ادب کا تحقیقی جائزہ اور اس کے اثرات

At the time of arrival of Muslim community in Sub-Continent Region and due to their settlement in the region Arabic Language has been prevailed and such as the system of its publication and learning has been commenced. Because the directives of Islam and laws are in the Arabic Language as per Quran & Sunna so that it is necessary to learn the Arabic language for the awareness of Islamic directions. So that to achieve the knowledge of Sharia inclu-ding the expertise the peoples of Sub-continent has been achieved the expertise of Arabic language, literature, knowl-edge Ilmul Saraf al-khawa, knowledge of al-ishtiaq & Ilmul Balaghta etc. Moreover it is clarify that Scholar of religious have shown their expertise so that the scholar of Arab have been convinced their expertise. The basic point of service in Arabic Language of Scholars of Sub-Continent that they do not served only to enhance the language but the cause of service was to serve themselves on religious matters and represents themselves on work hard and tried themselves to achieve the better performance of identification of Islam.  A positive result and effects have been achieved as a sun shining of Islam is remaining and its waves are enhancing all around the world such as the sun shining of Islam is remained in Arab world such as the publication of literature is also remaining in the Sub-Continent region in the actual shape and saved. Because the Islam will remain till the day of judg-ment and its representatives/workers will born till the date such as the scholars of literatures will also born and they will save the knowledge of Arabic.  They will alive till the Day of Judgment.

Culture of Low Justice Delivery at Grassroots Level: A Case Study of Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 2006-2011

This study consists of Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 about low (petty disputes) jus-tice delivery at the grassroots level as enshrined in chapter XI of Sections 102 to 106 as “Musalihat Anjumans” (Conciliation Courts). The system had been serving the people in minor civil and crim-inal disputes (low justice delivery) at the Union Council stage especially from 2006 to 2011 in Bahawalpur District. In the case study, as an important tool of qualitative and quantitative research methods, Semi-structured interviews have been conducted by the Research Scholar from the most concerned personalities starting from Mr. Justice and Senior Judge of Lahore High Court, Baha-walpur Bench to the Chairman, Municipal Committee, Ahmadpur East, Bahawalpur District. Moreover, as a measure of quantitative research method, original case files of civil and criminal formal courts of Bahawalpur and Punjab as well as from the informal court which is an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Centre at Bahawalpur District Headquarter have also been examined by the Research Scholar. These ADR centers have been functioning since March, 2017 not at the grassroots level but in every district headquarter of the Punjab Province by the order of Chief Justice, Lahore High Court. The result of all these adopted qualitative and quantitative social sci-entific research methods show that conciliation process through Musalihat Anjumans (Concilia-tion Courts) under ADR mechanism at Bahawalpur District of Punjab Province remained a suc-cessful exercise during 2006 to 2011 as question No. 1, whereas research question No.2 and 3 have also been proved. Even in 2017 not at grass roots level but at District Headquarters level, ADR centres have been functioning for speedy justice delivery. On the other hand in formal civil and criminal courts justice delivery systems have been declared as a delayed justice delivery sys-tem from 2006 to 2011 and even in 2017. In the light of this successful case study government can learn from the experience of Bahawalpur district and can draw guidelines for the improvement of justice system in other districts of Pakistan.