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Power System Stability Analysis Using Etap B. Sc. Program [+Cd]

Thesis Info

Author

Noor Dar; Tehreef Latif

Supervisor

Muhammad Basit Shahab

Department

University of Management and Technology

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

103 . CD

Subject

Engineering

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for B.Sc. Degree Advisor: Muhammad Basit Shahab; EN; Call No: TP 621.3191 NOO-P

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676713163959

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فصل چہارم: حدودوقصاص کے نفاذ میں معاون سماجی اداروں کا کردار

معاشرے کی بنیادی اکائی فردہے اور معاشرہ مختلف افراد کے میل جول ، رہن سہن ، مشترکہ مفادات اور روحانی و مادی ضروریات کے تحفظ کے لئے وجود میں آتا ہے ۔ جب معاشرے کا ہر فرد اپنی تمام ضروریا ت کی انجام دہی خود نہیں کر سکتا ،تو ریاست تمام ذمہ داریوں کو مشترکہ طور پر لوگوں کی صلاحیت ، قابلیت اور تعلیم کے مطابق تقسیم کر دیتا ہے ، جس سے معاشرے کی تمام ضروریات پوری ہوتی ہیں ۔یہ سب لوگ اجتماعی طور پر معاشرے کے تمام امور انجام دے رہے ہوتے ہیں ۔ اب اکیلا فرد تو اتنے سارےکا م سرانجام نہیں دے سکتا۔ اسی طرح معاشرے کے مقتدر ، بااختیار اور تعلیم یا فتہ اہل افراد اکٹھے مل کر اپنی خدادادصلاحیتوں کو استعمال کرتے ہوئے پورے معاشرے کی اصلاح و تعمیر کا بھی فریضہ ادا کرتے نظر آتے ہیں ، جیسا کہ اسلامی معاشرےکا قیام، اسلامی قوانین کا نفاذ ، امن وامان کا قیام ، ذرائع ابلاغ کا درست استعمال اور علمائے کرام و خانقاہی نظام کا کردار وغیرہ۔ قوانین حدودو قصاص کے نفاذ کے حوالے سے معاشرہ ریاست کے بغیر یہ قوانین خود نافذ نہیں کر سکتا ، البتہ معاشرہ اسلامی حکومت کے قیام اور معاشرتی اصلاح کے حوالے سے جدو جہد کر سکتا ہے ۔ لہذا امت مسلمہ کی اجتماعی ذمہ داریوں کی بجاآوری امت کے تمام افراد کے لئے فرض کفایہ ہے۔ درحقیقت حد ودکا نفاذ اسلامی حکومت کے قیام سے مشروط ہے اورحاکم وقت یا اس کا نمائندہ ہی حد کا نفاذ کر سکتا ہے ،جیساکہ سورۃ النور کی آیت نمبر دو کی تفسیر کرتے ہوئے علامہ قرطبی لکھتے ہیں
"الْخِطَابُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، لِأَنَّ إِقَامَةَ مَرَاسِمِ الدِّينِ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ الْإِمَامُ يَنُوبُ عَنْهُمْ، إِذْ لَا يُمْكِنُهُمُ الِاجْتِمَاعُ عَلَى إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ." 389
"یہ خطاب تمام مسلمانوں سے ہے اس لیے...

ماحولیاتی آلودگی اور تعلیمات نبویﷺ

For the guidance of all human being and for resolving the problems Allah has told in Qur’an.  The environmental pollution is a major issue of our life, Allah has also fully guided for this regard too. There is mentioned in The Holy Quran about that. There are seven types of pollution are: Water pollution, Air pollution, Soil pollution, Thermal pollution, Radioactive pollution, Noise pollution, Light pollution. Environmental pollution has existed for centuries but only started to be significant in dub trial resolution. Pollution occurs when the natural environmental cannot destroy an element without creating harm or damage to itself. The elements involved are not produced by nature and the destroying process can vary from a few days to thousands of years. Though the first we should clean our self then our society will be cleaned and will not remain any kind of pollution. In this regard the Holly Quran is also telling us about the purification. There are two types of purification internal external. Internal purification to purity the soul form the effects of sins and act of disobedience though repenting sincerely form all sins and act of disobedience Purification of the heart from the fifth polytheism. External purification by removing of filth is by using pure water of the water for the removal of the for the worshiper's garment body and from the place of prayer. We must thin for this serious issue and have to reform our society from this important issue. In fort, we get rid from those absolutely in the right direction.

Plasma Proteomics Analysis of Hydroxyurea Treated Patients Suffering from Thalassemia

β thalassemia is the most prevalent autosomal recessive disorder characterized by absence or reduced production of hemoglobin (Hb) levels, primarily caused by mutations on β globin locus. β thalassemia is heterogeneous at the molecular level, presenting variable phenotypes accompanied with severe medical complications. Current standard of care for clinical management of β thalassemia includes regular, long-life safe blood transfusion along with appropriate iron chelation therapy. At present, the only permanent cure is bone marrow transplantation. An emerging and exciting therapeutic approach to handle β thalassaemia is production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is major Hb of fetal life. In recent years, Hydroxyurea (HU) has proven to be a promising HbF augmenting agent but response to HU therapy varies from transfusion elimination to insignificant clinical response. Various approaches are being made to understand the mechanism HbF augmentation with differential responses. Advancement in proteomics offers an efficient tool to study differential proteome in response to treatment leading towards precision and personalized medicine. This study is designed to improve mechanistic understanding of proteomic changes that HU therapy exerted on β thalassemia patients, in consort with deciphering differential protein expression in HU responder and non-responder. Firstly, samples were subjected to twodimensional gel electrophoresis to assess differentially expressed proteins. Later, differential proteins were identified by label free quantitative proteomics approach. Two hundred and eighty seven proteins were identified with two or more unique peptides in samples studied. Among these, twenty eight proteins were found to be significantly different in pre versus post HU treated β thalassemia patients at probability of < 0.05. Eighteen proteins were down-regulated while ten were found to be up-regulated after HU treatment. Clinically important proteins include Hemopexin (HPX), Haptoglobin (HP), Haptoglobin-related protein (HPR), Hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), Hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), Hemoglobin subunit alpha (HBA1), Protein S100-A8 (S100A8), Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), Apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1), Transferrin receptor protein (TFRC), Complement C4-A (C4A), Apolipoprotein A (LPA), Ceruloplasmin (CP) and Ficolin-3 (FCN3). HU therapy in β thalassemia patients started reverting protein profile towards healthy pattern, in addition with decrease in transfusion requirements. A follow up study on plasma of HU treated β thalassemia patients was performed to compare proteomic profile of HU responder and non-responder. Twenty six proteins were found to be differentially expressed in HU responder versus non-responder at p < 0.05. Among these, fifteen proteins showed a significantly increased level while eleven proteins revealed a decreased in expression. Clinically relevant altered proteins in HU responder are Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), Carbonic anhydrase 1(CA1), Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (HBG1),Hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), Hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), Hemoglobin subunit alpha (HBA1), Properdin (CFP), Cholinesterase (BCHE), Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and Plasma protease C1 inhibitor (SERPING1). We suggest that further research would be required for validation of identified proteins in large cohort to endorse as potential predictive biomarker for HU therapy. Considering the association of oxidative stress with β thalassemia, we also studied markers of oxidative stress in response to HU therapy in β thalassemia covering Paraoxonase1 (PON1), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Although PON1 serve as an antioxidant to reduce the adverse effects of the oxidative stress in β thalassemia, our results indicate that mode of action of HU may not directly be through oxidative imbalance