السلم و السلام و تطبيقا تھا في ضوء السيرة النبوية

There is no doubt that Islam is a religion of peace which ensures peace regionally and globally in the light of its teachings. It is not only a religion of worship, but it is a religion includes ethics and caring for others and takes care of the rights of individuals as well as society. The life of Prophet Muhammad, r is the best role model in creating world peace atmosphere as He had ordered his followers and believers to realize peace in their societies. Islam guarantees peace even in war situation as it provides full protection and refuge to all those innocents who do not participate in the war. It is not unknown now that the contemporary world is witnessing events that souls hate and hearts alienate which caused racisms and populism and that their effects threatened communities and destroy firm foundations of peace. So in this contemporary perspective, the importance of research and writing about world peace increases subject to all of the studies levels, whether in universities or conferences especially in light of the biography of Holy Prophet Muhammad r. In this research, I will focus on the following points: Peace and its practical examples in of Holy Prophet Muhammad r. Explanation about the concept of peace and its practice in life of Holy Prophet Muhammad r. Clarifying the most prominent contemporary security challenges in the light of the Prophet's biography. Discussion on common misconceptions about Global peace matter and their correction in the sacred Biography of the Prophet Muhammad r

Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Millettia Ovalifolia, Indigofera Heterantha and Selected Conifers

The research work embodied in the present dissertation deals with isolation, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of Indigofera heterantha, Millettia ovalifolia, and selected conifers which are presented in five parts along with a brief review of the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, indigoferamide, indigoferate, indigoferone, millettio peroxide and sesquiterpene. PART- A Part A describes the phytochemical and biological evaluation of Indigofera heterantha (Wall). Three new and seven known compounds have been isolated from I. heterantha. Various experimental techniques and extensive spectroscopic studies were used for the isolation and structural elucidation of these compounds. Indigoferamide-A and indigoferate showed significant activity, against selected bacteria, while indigoferone exhibited high lipoxygenase activity. New Chemical Constituents · Indigoferamide-A (12) · Indigoferate (13) · Indigoferone (14) Known Chemical Constituents · Dotriacontanoic acid (15) · Formononetin (16) · Quercetin (17) ii· Quercetin 3-α-L-fucopyranoside (18) · 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-6,4’-dimethoxyflavon (19) · 3,5,4 ́-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (20) · Norartocarpetin (21) · 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (22) PART- B Part B focused on isolation, purification, characterization and biological evaluation of the chemical constituents of Millettia ovalifolia. Millettioperoxide along with five known compounds have been isolated and characterized through physical characteristics and extensive spectroscopic studies. The new compound possessed high anti-bacterial activity. New Chemical Constituents · Millettioperoxide (23) Known Chemical Constituents · 3,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (24) · (E)-Ethyl 13-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (25) · (E)-Methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (26) · N-Ethylacetamide (27) · Benzoic acid (28) iiiPART- C Part C deals with the isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents of Abies pindrow, which led to the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and four known chemical constituents. New Chemical Constituents · Abiespindrowpine (29) Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31) · 3β, 28-Dihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene (betulin) (32) · 3β-Hydroxylup-20 (29)-ene-28-oic acid (betulinic acid) (33) PART- D Part D explains the isolation and characterization of phytochemical constituents of Pinus wallichiana. Four known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31) · 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (34) · Oleanolic acid (35) ivPART- E Part E of the dissertation, described the isolation and structure elucidation of the chemical constituents of Piceae smithiana. Two known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3