مکی سورتوں میں مدنی اور مدنی سورتوں میں مکی آیات کا ورود؛ ایک تحقیقی جائزہ The arrival of Macan Verses in Madani Surahs and Madani verses in Macan Surahs: A research review

The Holy Quran has been compiled in the order of detention; that is, the Holy Prophet himself gave instructions to the Companions about which verse to place and where he completed the Quran in the same order. He included Madani verses in some Macan Surahs, which may be due to the completion of subjects or the merging of similar verses and the continuation of the Quranic verse on which the commentators have different views. Some verses were revealed in Makkah after the Hijrah, but they are present in the Madani Surah according to the present order of detention. Similarly, the verses revealed during the journey, which were revealed in areas far from Madinah, the place of Mina and Arafat, and the journey to Meraj, are the verses of Mecca, even though they were revealed after the migration. The verses that were revealed during the migration were also included in the Macan Surahs and after the migration, you traveled hundreds of miles away from Madinah and the verses that were revealed at these places were Madani or Macan. If they were Madani, then why were they kept in Macan Surahs. Why was this done and what are the reasons for it? Is it not such an arrangement to invalidate the inspired Word? Was it a different order than the inspired one? Is it not possible to take these verses from the surahs in which these verses were revealed or to place them in other surahs, to spoil the connection of the previous surahs, or to leave their subjects incomplete? The article under discussion will discuss the topics, discussions, introduction of the verses, details, and reasons for placing the verses in their place in the Macan Surahs and the order and contextual context of these verses. An analytical study of the reasons for separation will be presented.  

The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Employees Job Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Faculty Members of Private & Public Sector University of Pakistan

The purpose of this research was to scrutinize whether organizational culture affects the employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment of university faculty in Public and Private Sector of Pakistan. Faculty members are one of the most important determinants and leading factors that determine the success of universities in a competitive environment. This is empirically true for educational organizations which determine the fate and career of the masses. The questionnaire was used to accumulate data. Prior pilot study was conducted and validity and reliability of questionnaire was determined before using it for data collection. Participants in this study were university faculty members of four universities along with its campuses throughout Pakistan; namely, Iqra University, Hamdard University, Sindh University and Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur. Two universities were in private sector while remaining two universities were in public sector respectively. Total six hundred questionnaires were sent through mail and personal visits. Before commencement of the analysis, the data for all items 400 cases were analyzed for missing values. Pearson correlations indicated that organizational culture was positively related to employees’ job satisfaction in the faculty members of private sector universities of Pakistan, and negatively in the faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Whereas, organizational culture was positively related to organizational commitment in the faculty members of private sector universities of Pakistan, and negatively in the faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. The findings supported the importance of organizational culture to foster a positive impact in the faculty members of both private and public sector universities of Pakistan in order to attain employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment.