سندھی ہندو سیرت نگار

The people of Sindh throughout history remain always very tolerate with one another personal belief. In this context the first person who write down the biography of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Sindhi language was a Hindu namely Lal chand amr dino mal jugtiani, his book “Muhammad Rasoolullah P.B.U.H.” published in 1911 A.D. He not only written biography but also condemn those prejudice orientalist as well as native masses against their extremes behavior on pious character and caliber of noble Prophet of Islam. He along with other few notable writers namely Jath mal pursaram guljarani “Paighmbar-i- Islam”. Amar lal vasan mal hingorani “Mir Muhammad Arabi” 1947 A.D and an English book translated by Hout chand dial mal jughtyani “Isalm jo Paighabar” 1931 A.D. In this article researcher highlights their work along with their brief life sketch.

Afghanistan-India Geopolitical Interests: Implications for Pakistan 2002-2014

The war-torn Afghanistan has long suffered from the dynastical contests and fraught economic strategies of foreigners, which instigated constant internal strife and regional instability. The foreign interventions have made this land sphere of influence and initiated the great game politics sporadically. The 9/11 incident is considered a yardstick in changing geopolitical scenario and security patterns not only in international arena but also in the canvas of Afghanistan. However, in this scenario, changes in geopolitical dynamics altered the nature and scope of the great game. Afghanistan conundrum has transformed into the international conflict with regional flavor, as the US de-hyphenated Pakistan and India in pursuit of it grand strategy of Global War on Terrorism and tilted towards India. As a result, India has gained influential role in Afghanistan on the basis of its soft power approach. Therefore, this study looks at the controversial nexus between Afghanistan and India, marked by strategic and economic determinants, and their implications for Pakistan under the tenure of Hamid Karzai through comparative and critical content analysis of primary and secondary sources under historical and retrospective-prospective study designs in qualitative approach. The dissertation attempts to examine the current geostrategic tussle in Afghanistan among different non-regional and regional players over control and manipulation of Afghanistan and its surrounding regions through the lens of conceptual framework of unintended consequences approach, which deals with irrational aspect of foreign policy of the states. This study makes interesting contribution to the existing literature of the old Great Game (OGG) or the New Great Game (NGG) by re-conceptualizing the new concept of Grand Great Game or the 3G in place of explaining the unintended consequences of post-9/11 power play in the region and making Afghanistan an international conflict. The findings of this dissertation suggest the current 3G to be not only multidimensional competition, embodying multiple stakeholders but also incorporating complex self-defined rational as well as irrational foreign policy objectives and national interests. The current paradigm also distinguishes itself by transforming the international conflict into a regional one as well. This study mainly explores the regional conflict in Afghanistan under the framework of proxy war between Pakistan and India. Indeed, the unintended consequences of the 3G are bitterer than the reality. The foreign interventions have paralyzed the Afghan society and made it more insecure by promoting clandestine terrorist activities and proxies. Here, this 3G is about economic designs by social and cultural means for the realistic ends at large. The players are fulfilling their unattained aspirations through terrorism in the region. The OGG was related to the battle of borders. Throughout the history of Afghan land, it has been observed that the most-affected land of all prevailing evils in Afghanistan is Pakistan. Death squads of terrorists have been prepared against both lands which have killed their thousands of people in the post- 9/11. Pakistan has paid a heavy cost of this continued death squad of terrorism for its national sovereignty. In short, both situations of chaos and peace in Afghanistan are directly proportional to Pakistan’s instability and stability.