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Liquidity Management in Islamic Banks [Ms Program] [+Cd]

Thesis Info

Author

Amir Islam

Supervisor

Munawar A. Anees

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

MS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

140 .

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for MS degre Advisor: Munawar A. Anees; EN; Call No: TP 029.19785068 AMI-L

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676713263536

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عورت اور مصری تہذیب

عورت اور مصری تہذیب

قدیم مصری تہذیب میں اکثر و بیشتر بادشاہ اپنی بہن سے شادی کرتا حتیٰ کہ بیٹی سے بھی شادی رچائی جاتی تھی ۔اس کے لیے تاویل یہ پیش کی جاتی کہ شاہی خون خالص رہے۔ فرعونی دور کی تحریروں کو جب ڈی کوڈ کیا گیا تو معلوم ہو ا کہ مصری شاعری میں لفظ بھائی بہن محبوب اور محبوبہ کے معنوںمیں بھی استعمال ہوتا تھا ۔بادشاہوں کے حرموں میں بہنوں کے علاوہ سینکڑوں کنیزیں رکھنے کا شوق اپنی جگہ مگر متوسط آمدنی والے مصر کے عام لوگ یک زوجگی پر قانع رہتے تھے ۔خانگی زندگی بدیہی طور پر بڑی حد تک بہتر تھی۔عورت کو طلاق دینا آسان نہ تھا ۔عقد میں آنے والی عورت کو جائیداد میں اچھا خاصا حصہ ملتا۔ایک مغربی مفکر کا قول ہے کہ کسی بھی قدیم یا جدید تہذیب نے عورت کو وہ بلند قانونی رتبہ نہیں دیا جتنا وادی ِ نیل کے باشندوں نے دیا۔ اپنی تند خو (سقراطی) بیویوں کو گھر میں بند رکھنے کے عادی یونانی سیاح یہ آزادی دیکھ کر ششدر رہ جاتے ۔ فرعونی دور کے ادب میں عورت کی حیثیت اور عظمت کے گُن گائے جاتے تھے۔ مصری عورت سے محبت ایک قومی فریضہ سمجھا جاتا تھا۔ مصری مرد کو صرف مصری عورت سے ہی قلبی اور جنسی وابستگی کی ترغیب دی جاتی۔ ایک مصری بزرگ اپنے سننے والوں کو سمجھاتے ہیں کہ’’ باہر سے آنے والی ایسی عورتوں سے ہوشیار رہو ۔یہ گہرے پانیوں کے بھنور کی مانند ہوتی ہیں‘‘۔اسی طرح ایک مصری اپنے بیٹے کو نصیحت کرتے ہوئے لکھتا ہے کہ’’اگر تم نے اپنا گھر کامیابی کے ساتھ سجا سنوار لیا ہے اور خوب صورت ترین بیوی تمھاری آغوش میں ہے تو اس کا پیٹ بھرو اور کمر پر کپڑا ڈالو۔اس کی خوشی کا سامان مہیا کرو کیوں...

Western Parameters of Freedom of Expression: A Critique from Islamic Perspective

This study explores Western parameters and principles of freedom of expression from an Islamic perspective. Western thought advocates infinite freedom of speech but it also has some regulations, limits and restraints. Every Western human rights instrument and convention guarantee freedom of expression, but in fact, the excess of freedom is bringing the society to a harsh kind of clash and conflict. In simple words, freedom without sufficient legal and moral restrictions cannot be managed. It is also observed that without strict legal and moral boundaries, it cannot become fruitful for the state and society. Even the Western world, which is representative of maximum freedom of speech, also bounds freedom of expression with some parameters and restrictions. However, it is propagated that the Western laws provide outclass freedom of expression and speech. The actual situation is not as good as it is expressed, because on one hand, the international instruments provide freedom of speech and on the other, they limit it through certain laws. It means freedom of expression is not free of boundaries in the West also. In other words, it is only a mythology and controlled propaganda that the Western thought and civilization provides absolute and unlimited freedom of expression and press in their countries. Instead, Islamic teachings categorically agree to provide the right to freedom of expression but on the other hand, it binds them with some social, moral and legal boundaries to save the society from any kind of clash and conflict. It is perceived Western legal instruments limit freedom of expression with some legal boundaries and laws rather than ethics and morals. It is recommended on behalf of this study that the Western world also puts moral and religious boundaries on freedom of expression for its safety. An analytical & critical approach with qualitative research methodology is adopted in the study.

Allowed and Forbidden Β-Decay Rates for Astrophysical Applications

The allowed charge-changing transitions are considered to be the most general weak processes of spin-isospin ( ) form that play a crucial role in several nuclear processes. Equally important is their contribution in astrophysics, particularly in nuclear synthesis and supernovaexplosions. As per previous simulation results, weak interaction rates on fp shell nuclide are considered intensely signi cant for supernova physics. These transitions have significant in uence on the stellar core vis- a-vis controlling the lepton content (Ye) of stellar matter throughout the silicon shell burning stages of massive stars to the presupernova and core-collapse stages. Simulation of stellar events require Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions, preferably for hundreds of nuclei. Because of scarcity of experimental data, one is compelled to calculate GT strength distributions using microscopic theoretical nuclear models. The knowledge of measured GT strength should be broadened and theoretical attempts should be done to reproduce them and the charge-changing transitions of nuclei that are present far away from the stability line should be calculated. Therst-forbidden (FF) transition becomes important, in the circumstances where allowed charge-changing transitions are not favored, speci cally for neutron-rich (heavier) nuclide due to phase space considerations. In this thesis the deformed proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn- QRPA) theory was applied in stellar environment, for the investigation of allowed GT and uniquerst-forbidden (U1F) transitions (j Jj = 2) strength for a number of astrophysical important (medium heavy and heavy) nuclei. The calculated terrestrial beta-decay halflives (T1=2) values were compared with previous theoretical work and experimental results where it was concluded that the deformed pn-QRPA calculation are in decent comparison with measured data. The agreement of the calculated T1=2 values with the experimental data provide an idea about the correctness of the calculated weak-rates. The stellar weak interaction rates (GT and U1F) were computed over broad range of stellar temperature (0.01 GK { 30 GK) and density (10 { 1011 g/cm3) domain for astrophysical applications. viii We have compared the calculated weak-rates with previous other theoretical models compilations (wherever possible). Di erences were noticed with these previous models results and their impacts on the presupernova mechanism and for core-collapse supernova were discussed. In a recent study by Cole et al. [A. L. Cole, et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 015809 (2012)], it was concluded that QRPA calculations show larger deviations and overestimate the total experimental GT strength. It was also concluded that QRPA calculated electron capture rates exhibit larger deviation than those derived from the measured charge-changing transitions strength. This work has probed the conclusion of the Cole et al. study and provides useful information on the performance of QRPA-based models. Ourndings showed that this is not the case for all type of QRPA models. In this work we did not assume Brink- Axel hypothesis as considered in previous shell models calculation. This made the current calculation unique and fully microscopic in nature. It is hoped that these microscopic compilations of stellar rates (allowed GT and U1F) will demonstrate enormous signi cance for core-collapse simulator worldwide. Our study suggests that the addition of rank (0 and 1) operators in FF transitions can further improve the comparison which remains unattended in this work.