آہ! بدر کامل غروب ہوگیا
افسوس اور سخت افسوس ہے کہ ۱۹؍ جون کو مولانا بدرالدین صاحب اصلاحی ناظم مدرستہ الاصلاح و دائرہ حمیدیہ رحلت فرماگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
کئی برس سے انہیں دردِ پاکی شکایت تھی، اس کے علاج کے لیے بمبئی تشریف لے گئے مگر تکلیف کم ہونے کے بجائے بڑھتی گئی، آمدو رفت کا سلسلہ اور ساری سرگرمیاں منقطع ہوگئیں۔ تاہم دل و دماغ کام کررہا تھا، مشکلات اور پیچیدہ مسائل میں رہنمائی بھی فرماتے تھے۔
۱۶؍ جون کو مدرستہ الاصلاح کی مجلس انتظامیہ کا جلسہ تھا، وہیں ان کی شدید علالت کی خبر ملی ۱۸؍ جون کو عیادت کے لیے گیا تو گردش روزگار کا یہ عجیب منظر دیکھ کر بدحواس ہوگیا کہ بلبل ہزار داستاں کی طرح چہکنے، اپنی گل افشانی گفتار سے مجلس کو زعفران زار بنانے اور اپنی خطابت اور خوش بیانی سے مسحور کرنے والے کی زبان گنگ ہوگئی ہے اور میں یہ حسرت ہی لیے رہ گیا کہ ع بات کرتے کہ میں لب تشنہ تقریر تھا۔ شاید اشارے سے کچھ کہا ہو مگر میں سمجھ نہیں سکا، ہوش و حواس بھی اچھی طرح بجا نہیں تھے۔ جسم گل کر ہڈیوں کا ڈھانچہ رہ گیا تھا، واپسی میں راستے بھر اور رات کو بھی بڑی دیر تک عجیب خلش اور بے چینی رہی، یہ کرب و اضطراب اس لیے تھا کہ مدرستہ الاصلاح کے اغراض و مقاصد کا حقیقی مبلغ اور ’’فکر حمید‘‘ کا اصلی شارح و ترجمان دنیا سے رخصت ہونے والا ہے، اور اس کا کوئی بدل اور جانشین نہیں ع افسوس کہ از قبیلہ مجنوں کسے نہ ماند۔
دوسرے ہی دن ۱۲؍ بجے متوقع حادثہ کی اطلاع بھی آگئی ساڑھے پانچ بجے جنازہ اٹھا تو جم غفیر ساتھ تھا، قرب و جوار کے لوگوں، مدرستہ الاصلاح کے اساتذہ و طلبہ اور دوسرے بے شمار...
A thorough critical analysis of human history highlights that the clash of civilizations centered on themes of conflict, war, and struggle. Historical experts use the word encounter to interpret or explain these relations among civilizations. Trade played a vital role in flourishing these ties, however, conflict and encounter have also been a part of almost all the phases or eras of human history. Developing nations have always looked up to the western world as a role model of economic and military progression, but this philosophy has also resulted in the escalation of tensions among these nations. World peace faces daunting challenges and is one of the most talked-about human concerns in the present times. Islam is currently being challenged by the western world in terms of the right interpretation of religious teachings and the true message of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Islam is still struggling to make its mark in the present world order, particularly after the 9/11 incident which painted Muslims as terrorists and fundamentalists. It is quite evident that the world is divided into factions or groups, where one group is the torchbearer of Islam and religious teachings, while the second group endorses western ideals or secularism. According to Samuel Huntington, it won’t be wrong to say that the next ideological challenge that the world faces after the ultimate demise of the Soviet Union is Islam and the prospective clash between the East and the West in the 21st century will be the most discussed topic. The present-day relationship between the East and the West is based upon rivalry. This conflict is not a new area of research and is centuries old. The only solution to this problem is to promote global peace and harmony and facilitate dialogue among nations. This would help in creating a social system that can center on values, harmony, peace, and love. Also, Iqbal’s philosophy can act as a guiding stone and can help in resolving this crisis. Iqbal’s universal social reconstruction theory highlights how different civilizations can live together and can facilitate constructive dialogue to improve civilizational ties. This article aims to incorporate the teachings of Iqbal, especially the universal social reconstruction theory to propose solutions for inter-civilizational clashes. This article aims to use the teachings of Iqbal as a beacon of light to promote constructive dialogue and peaceful coexistence among the two dominant sides of the world, resultantly leading in much prosperous and peaceful world order.
Salinity is a major environmental stress which is reducing crop yields particularly in arid to semi-arid zones. In Pakistan large cultivated land is affected by various degrees of soil salinity and sodicity. There exists a great diversity among plant species for their salt tolerance. Selection of plant species capable of growing on salt-affected soils using saline waters is based on the capability of a crop to survive at higher levels of salinity and to provide useful end product. Keeping these facts in view, four studies were planned to explore the salinity tolerance and phytoremedial potential of two different acacia species viz Acacia ampliceps and Acacia nilotica. In the first experiment, three week old seedlings of both species were transplanted in half strength Hoagland nutrient solution having five treatments (control, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl). The data regarding growth and ionic composition (Na+, K+ and Cl-) showed that A. ampliceps was more tolerant to salinity than A. nilotica. The seedlings of A. nilotica could not survive at 400 mM NaCl due to ion toxicity. In another solution culture experiment, the release of organic acids (citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid) and comparative oxidative stress tolerance of these two species was investigated. More rhizosphere acidification and higher activities of antioxidants including, SOD, POD and CAT enabled A. ampliceps to produce more shoot and root biomass. Both the species were further studied under the combination of salinity and water stress in the pots where A. ampliceps proved to be better tolerant to salinity whereas A. nilotica performed better under water stress. In the final study these species were grown in the salt affected field and their growth and ionic data were recorded after every six months for two years. The changes in the soil chemical and physical properties were also determined at these intervals. The comparison of both species indicated that A. ampliceps produced more biomass and caused more reduction in the soil chemical properties like pHs, ECe and SAR as compared to A. nilotica, due to more addition of organic matter and rhizosphere acidification .On the other hand the physical properties like bulk density and infiltration rate were also improved more under A. ampliceps than under A. nilotica. So it would prove to be a good source of wood and forge for livestock at the same time rehabilitating barren lands.