طفیل ہوشیار پوری
طفیل ہوشیار پوری(۱۹۱۴ئ۔۱۹۹۳ئ) کا اصل نام محمد طفیل اور شہرت طفیل ہوشیار پوری کے نام سے ہوئی۔ طفیل ضلع ہوشیارپورکی تحصیل گڑھ شنکر کے ایک گائوں بینے والی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۳۴ء میں ہوشیار پور سے ہجرت کر کے سیالکوٹ میں مستقل سکونت اختیار کر لی ۔یہاں انھوں نے اپنے بڑے بھائی کے ساتھ مل کر منیمی(حساب کتاب) سکول قائم کیا۔ اس سکول میں سیالکوٹ کے ممتاز تاجر ان کے شاگرد رہے ہیں۔(۵۹۷)
۱۹۴۳ء میں طفیل آل انڈیا ریڈیو سے منسلک ہو گئے۔ ۱۹۵۴ء میں ان کا ناطہ فلمی دنیا سے جڑ گیا ۔ اور آپ فلموں کے لیے گیت لکھنے لگے۔یہ گیت اردو اور پنجابی زبان میں ہیں۔۱۹۵۴ء میں ہی انھوںنے لاہور سے ایک ادبی اور علمی رسالے کا اجرا کیا جس کا نام ’’محفل‘‘ تھا۔ آپ ہفت روزہ رسالہ ’’صاف گو‘‘ کے مدیر اعلیٰ بھی رہے ہیں۔(۵۹۸)
حُب وطن پر مشتمل نظموں اور جنگی ترانوں پر مشتمل ’’میرے محبوب وطن‘‘ طفیل کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ کلام ہے۔ جوجنوری ۱۹۶۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔مولانا ابو الا علیٰ مودودی نے حرفِ اول لکھا۔ جسٹس ایس۔اے رحمان نے ’’پیشِ لفظ‘‘ سید عابد علی عابد نے ’’دیباچہ‘‘ اور سید نذیرنیازی نے ’’مقدمہ ‘‘ اور طفیل نے’’میں خود کہوں تو‘‘ کے عنوان سے اپنی قومی نظموں کا پس منظر بیان کیا ہے۔ جامِ مہتاب طفیل کا دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جو رباعیات و قطعات پر مشتمل ہے ۔یہ مجموعہ ۱۹۷۵ء میں شائع ہوا۔ حرفِ آغاز جسٹس ایس ۔اے رحمان نے لکھا۔’’تعارف و تقریظ‘‘ مولانا حامد علی خان نے لکھا۔ عرضِ حال کے عنوان سے طفیل نے اس کتاب میں اپنی شاعری پر روشنی ڈالی ہے۔ ڈاکٹر سید عبداللہ نے ’’شعلہ جام پر ایک نظر‘‘ کے عنوان سے مضمون قلم بند کیا ہے۔ ڈاکٹر عبادت بریلوی نے مقدمہ لکھا ہے۔ جب کہ شاعر لکھنوی نے ’’شعلہ جام سے طفیل ہوشیار پوری تک‘‘...
No doubt, that Allah’s book, the Holy Quran came for gathering the hearts, joining the ranks, strengthening the love and affection, kindness and justice, coordination between family and society, to build the strong coordinated society and orphan especially about the loss of their rights and depriving of their properties or engulf them wrongly. This paper discusses the care of the Quran with the orphans in all the dimensions of their rights and the situation of Qura’nic training/education for them, so that they can become strong parts for the society. Most of the coming verses discusses/narrates about them. Stating the meaning from them for all the justices that the Quran preceded all those demanding the justice for orphans rather it gave them with complete explanations. No explanations disturb anything about it knowledgeable, that the verses of the Quran presented 22 verses in which word of the orphan mentioned with the people 8 times and with the dual once and with the plural 14 times and he who explore these verses finds them divided into three types and the 1st type presents the mentioning of kindness/ charity, and testament/will for them in our Shariah and in the previous Shariahs, and the 2nd type mentions their social rights, so this paper studies all the dimensions of orphans’ life in the light of Qura’nic method with detail, so I liked to divide my this research paper into preface, 3 chapters and ending whereas preface includes the definition of orphan, and 1st chapter states the kindness/charity to the orphan and testament for them in the light of our Shariah and including the definition of orphan, and 2nd chapter presents their social rights as the 3rd takes care of their financial rights. In the ending comes with the important recommendations and suggestions.
Banned aromatic amines due to their acute toxicity in human and animals hold key importance. Certain azo dyes have the tendency to release these banned amine intermediates upon cleavage of azo bond(s), even when present in a dyed materials. The tendency of four selected azo dyes (acid red 1, direct red 28, direct blue 15 and direct red 7) to release harmful aromatic amines is analysed by the standard test methods for colorants, dyed leathers and textiles (cotton, linen, wool, nylon). The basic steps of these tests methods are similar comprising of reduction, extraction and detection by instrumental techniques. The standard method for colorants was modified for UV-visible spectroscopy in initial exploration so that a quick inference could be generated. Methods based on sophisticated techniques (e.g., GC-MS and HPLC-DAD) were used in advanced steps. Conventional reduction methods were modified using ultrasound (UAR) and microwave assisted reductions (MAR) as greener techniques. UAR experiments were additionally extended with variations of temperature and exposure time. Direct dyes were applied onto leather, wool, linen, and cotton whereas the acid dye was applied to leather, wool, and nylon (due to substantivity). All dyed samples were profiled for banned aromatic amines through GC-MS. Only DR-28 released a listed banned amine, biphenyl-4,4''-diamine in significant quantities and was selected for UAR and MAR trials. Results of UAR for 10 min caused reduction equivalent to standard methods in case of leather and wool. Comparable results were also obtained in case of MAR reduction. Pertinent results were also confirmed using HPLC-DAD. The most economical methods were MAR with an energy saving ranging between 92 and 95% and a time saving of 70 to 80% (42-48 min) as compared to the standard methods. UAR methods provided energy and time savings of 80-85% and 22-42% (13-25 min) respectively. Greener approaches were found best for matrices in following order; leather > wool > cotton. Additionally a useful scheme was suggested for the non-destructive and greener analysis of ten lab-synthesized azo dyes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with little or no sample preparation. The key region (azo band) appeared between 1504 and 1555 cm-1.