SMART FOOT INSOLE FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF FOOT ULCERS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS BY MEASURING PLANTAR PRESSURE

Background of the Study: The prevailing cause of Diabetes is a decline in insulin production, the outcome of which is an elevated glucose level in the blood. The superabundance of glucose in the blood can cause severe complications, damaging other body organs, including kidneys, nerves, heart, and upper and lower limbs. However, the common complication in diabetic patients is foot ulcer, which is directly associated with Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which is the extensive cause of this. DPN is the inability of nerves to sense any external change, due to which the foot plantar pressure is altered and evolves because of the high glucose level. Methodology: This paper provides a solution in the form of a portable and cost-effective device based on force sensors for diabetic patients to monitor the change in foot plantar pressure at home and overcome the risk of foot ulceration. The device is implemented on 30 participants to characterize the plantar pressure values with flat foot and normal foot types for the Control group and diabetic group. Results: An evident difference in the value of Mid-foot pressure is observed for both the groups, Control group (Normal foot = 144+2.63 kPa, Flat foot = 150+2.72 kPa) and Diabetic Group (Normal foot = 213+2 kPa, Flat foot = 216+1 kPa). Deviation in these values discriminates the mid-foot pressure for the two groups, thus providing us a range for the individuals of the control group for the alarming situation. Conclusion: Noticing the plantar pressure through the proposed device helps diabetes patients reduce their risk.

Architecture in Nature: Tourist resort in Kashmir at Banjosa lake

There is a growing trend of travelling towards the northern areas of Pakistan as there is a lot of untapped beauty of this region yet to be explored. With current foreign investments and interests growing in Pakistan with ever-improving infrastructure, there is a large potential for an international standard hospitality venture in the Kashmir region, as it can bring sustainable flux for the local economy and can be a landmark of experience and representation of the Kashmiri culture. It has a lot to offer including its serene and picturesque environment and its unique culture. From my childhood, I have always dreamed of designing a structure in my own region. That’s why I have picked and vigorously studied one of the most beautiful sites which Kashmir has to offer which offers an unparalleled magnificent experience in that whole region. I want to design an experience so the visitors can experience the beauty of the site at its fullest through the eye of the author. My primary agenda is the incorporation of biophilic architecture, as I would debate there is no experience of the natural environment without the elements of nature. There will be the incorporation of natural lighting, indigenous materials, local flora, and natural ventilation. This will not only accentuate the experience, improving moods and bringing drama into the banal spaces but also make the establishment a high-performance and low-energy sustainable model.