ارضِ اقبال آفاقیت کے آئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمداسد کے مختلف تحقیقی و تنقیدی نوعیت کے مضامین پر مشتمل کتاب ہے۔بیشتر مضامین مختلف تحقیقی و تنقیدی رسائل کی زینت بن چکے ہیں۔ اُنھوں نے جن جن شخصیات پر قلم اٹھایا ہے،ان کے بارے میں معلومات کا ایک ذخیرہ جمع کر دیا ہے۔جہاں جہاں ضرورت محسوس کی ہے اپنی ناقدانہ رائے کا اظہار بھی بڑی خوب صورتی سے کیا ہے۔
مَیں نے ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسدکے مزاج میں ایک خاص بات محسوس کی ہے کہ وہ اپنے کام سے نہایت مخلص ہیں اور اپنی دُھن میں علمی خدمات میں ہمہ وقت مصروف نظر آتے ہیں۔ان کے اسلوب کی سادگی اور روانی بات کو بوجھل نہیں ہونے دیتی۔ ان مضامین کے مطالعہ سے قاری نہ صرف مختلف شخصیات سے متعارف ہوتا ہے بلکہ ان کی علمی خدمات سے بھی ایک حد تک مستفید ہوتا ہے۔
’’مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی‘‘ اور’’مولوی ابراہیم میر سیالکوٹی‘‘ والے مضامین میں مذکورہ شخصیات سے متعلق عمدہ معلومات جمع کی گئی ہیں۔ان شخصیات کے تعارف کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی علمی خدمات پر بھی روشنی ڈالی گئی ہے۔اسی طرح ’’سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقا‘‘ اور’’ریاض حسین چودھری ایک نعت گو شاعر‘‘ میں ناقدانہ انداز نظر سے کام لیا گیا ہے۔دیگر مضامین بھی اپنی نوعیت کے خوب صورت مضامین ہیں۔الغرض مذکورہ کتاب ان کی تحقیقی و تنقیدی بصیرت کی آئینہ دار ہے۔
ڈاکٹر محمد افضل صفی
صدر شعبہ اردو گورنمنٹ گریجوایٹ کالج ،کروڑ لعل عیسن، ضلع لیہ
The attachment system is thought to facilitate relationship goals by motivation seeking and bonding activities with significant others, particularly under times of stress (Bowlby, 1982). Attachment theory has also contributed to further understanding the marital relationship in terms of profound psychological and physiological interdependence. It is perhaps this interdependence that causes damage to the quality of attachment relationship. Hence, attachment injury is defined as “a specific incident or event in which one partner is unresponsive and inaccessible when one partner cries out for help in extreme need” (Johnson & Makinen, 2001). Therefore, marital distress or breakup in couple’s relationships does not happen suddenly, so understanding of attachment injury in relation to individual’s marital quality and attachment style would help practitioners to be equipped for appropriate and effective inventions. Further it would also help counsellors and mental health professionals to be familiar with the complexities of the topic by dealing with consequences of an attachment injury ethically and competently. Therefore our study aimed at examining the prevalence and nature of attachment injury and its effect on marital quality, in a group of married heterosexual couples. It also attempted to associate attachment styles with and without attachment injury in couples. The study employed cross-sectional exploratory design with a set of self-administered measures. The sample comprised of 400 married individuals from urban Bangalore. Statistical results showed those individuals who were experiencing attachment injury are associated with poor marital quality. It was also seen that attachment injury was found to be associated with gender and insecure attachment style. Therefore our findings suggest that poor marital quality with insecure attachment style plays an important role in attachment injury over time. Based on the attachment style, further intervention strategies and effective programs should be designed for marital counselling. And marital enrichment programs may be useful to enhance marital quality to prevent the marital distress or breakups.
Conflicting interests of minority and majority shareholders in concentrated firms entice severe illegal tunneling. Tunneling is siphoning of firm’s resources by the controlling shareholders for their private benefits at the cost of minority shareholders. This consequently inflicts losses to minority shareholders, discourages investors and affects the entire firm''s operations. This study aims to examine determinants of tunneling in the non-financial concentrated firms and to predict the short and long run association of influential factors. Study is relying on the secondary panel data collected during 2000 to 2015. Firm’s annual report, Pakistan Stock Exchange and State Bank of Pakistan were used as data sources. Using Fixed Effect Model andARDL, results show that except executive compensation, all are statistically significant using inter-corporate loan as proxy for tunneling. Similarly, all the factors are statistically significant using cash dividend as proxy for tunneling. Results also present that these factors show a significant effect in association with tunneling for short and long run confirmed through ARDL. Theoretically, this study contributes to agency theory and economic theory of crime. While, practically the study contributes to investors, owners and regulatory institutions of the market. Findings of the study share thorough information to investors which may help them for better portfolio decision. Additionally, study also apprise a vast array of stakholders of the firms about the severity of the tunneling and its deep rooted impairments to entire firm’s operations. Recommendations of the study guide regulatory infrastructure of the market to establish and implement rules for shareholders’ protection, encourage investment and harness transparent business environemnts.