Pak-China Defense Cooperation and Evolving International Relations

This study is about the impact of different global and regional changes resulting from PakistanChina’s defense cooperation and further examines the increasing range of diplomatic cooperation in the social, tactical, and economic realms. The paper focuses on three events: (i) the 1978 transformation of China and its opening-up policies; (ii) disbanding of the U.S.S.R (1991); and (iii) the event of 9/11 in the United States. These events had a significant influence on Pak-China ties. This study is a literature review and contributes to a better understanding of the evolving international systems namely the India-U.S. Tactical relations and strategic cooperation. The paper concludes that China and Pakistan need to preserve amicable, strategic, and diplomatic connections with one another as it is necessary for the peace, security, and economic development of not only China and Pakistan but for the region overall.

Generalized Close-To-Convex Functions and Related Topics

Aim of this thesis is to introduce and study properties of certain new subclasses of analytic functions in the open unit disc. The concepts of q-calculus are used to define the q-extensions of starlike and close-to-convex functions. “q-Bernardi Integral Operator’’ which is the advancement of well-known Bernardi integral operator is investigated. It is shown that our newly defined classes are invariant under this integral operator. Further, Ordinary fractional derivative operator and q-fractional derivative operator are used to study certain interesting properties of these classes. The idea of qbounded radius rotation and the behavior of starlike functions of negative order with negative coefficients involving q-difference operator is also examined. The relevant connections of our new classes and results to known ones are also pointed out.