بے خبری کی آغوش ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ارشد معراج (اسسٹنٹ پروفیسر انٹر نیشنل یونیورسٹی اسلام آباد)
انہیں سردی نہیں لگتی
انہیں ذلت کی ساعت نے پرانے سیم نالوں کے کناروں پر گھسیٹا ہے
اور ان کے کالے ہونٹوں پر لگی ہے مہر صدیوں سے
یہ کلر تھور دھرتی میں ہری خواہش کو بونے کی مشقت میں لگے ہیں
یہاں ”سابیریا“ سے آۓ پکھنو جب بھی کوندر میں مچلتے ہیں
تو گارے سے بنیرے لیپ کرنے والیوں کے چولہے جلتے ہیں
کبھی چارے کی گھرلی میں پڑے شلجم ۔۔۔۔۔۔
ورگرنہ ساگ اور آدھی ادھوری روٹیاں
سوکھے بدن میں سوچ بھی لکنت زدہ ، سرگوشیاں ۔۔۔۔۔۔
” چاچا!
خدا دا شکر کر دے ہاں
جے اس ساڈے تے ایہہ ازمیش پاٸی ھیہ
جو او کردا ہمیشہ ٹھیک ای کردا
پر اے دسیں جو نمبردار مر سی
وت اے اوکھت گھٹ نہ ویسی “
کبھی خوابوں کی گھٹڑی کو اٹھانے سے سفر مشکل نہیں ہوتا
مگر سورج تو روزانہ ہی مشرق سے نکلتا ہے
اور آنکھوں کا حسیں عدسہ سکڑتا ہے
زوال آۓ تو مغرب میں وہ چھپتا ہے
ہمیشہ چندر اور مایا کٸی میلوں پہ بستے ہیں
انہیں بستی میں آنے کا کبھی رستہ نہیں ملتا
ہمیشہ پوہ رہتا ہے
پرالی کے سلگنے سے کہاں یہ ٹھنڈ جاتی ہے
Background and Aim: The effects of novel set of interventions are known but their effects with respect to gender are not known. This study aim to determine the effects of novel set of interventions on shoulder range of motion in males and females with shoulder pathology.
Methodology: This study was of quasive experimental design. Thirty subjects of mean age (±SD) of 43. 23±10 years with shoulder pathology and restricted ROM were recruited. The major criteria for recruitment were 18-60 years of age. The general contraindications of manual therapy were the exclusion criteria. Shoulder functional movement and range of motion were the outcome measures.
Results: The mean % (SD) change for RUBB was 15.04±11.57for males and 14.49±10.44 for males. The change for RDBN was also significant (<0.00) from baseline and the % change in mean was 14.93±11.0 for males and 12.60±9.06 for females. The changes were well above the highly clinical meaningful difference (>0.8). It is further observed that the differences in gender were non-significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The pragmatic set of interventions affect both the genders equally and improve shoulder range of motion and functional movements. However, the results must be interpreted cautiously because of the inadequate sample size.
The present investigation was an effort to explore the health claims of vitamin K enriched dietary sources i.e. cooked spinach and fermented soybean/natto against the menace of vitamin K deficiency. Initially, spinach and soybean were characterized with special reference to vitamin K contents followed by product development and finally bioefficacy study for the management of blood coagulation and vitamin K dependent proteins. The nutritional analysis indicated that spinach has ample amount of moisture followed by protein and fiber whereas soybean contains higher amount of protein and fat contents. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification of vitamin K revealed that phylloquinone was higher in spinach as compared to soybean. Amongst antioxidant extracts, methanolic extracts of spinach and soybean showed higher total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and antioxidant activities. During product development phase, four dietary products i.e. cooked spinach (T 1 ), reconstituted spinach (T 2 ), natto A (T 3 ) and natto B (T 4 ) were formulated. Characterization of soybean based prepared products showed improvement in nutritional status due to fermentation as compared to raw material. In the formulated products, cooked spinach (T 1 ) and natto A (T 3 ) attained higher scores for sensory profile from each category. On the basis of nutritional characterization, vitamin K contents and antioxidant potential, two best products i.e. T 1 and T 3 one from each raw material were selected for efficacy study. Bioevaluation study was carried out involving New Zealand rabbits through two sequential trials for validity of the results. Accordingly, two types of studies were conducted on the basis of different groups of rabbits i.e. study I (normal rabbits) and study II (vitamin K deficient rabbits). Moreover, three different types of dietary sources namely cooked spinach a source of phylloquinone (D 2 ), natto for menaquinone-7 (D 3 ) and synthetic menadione (D 4 ) along with control (D 1 ) were provided to the respective groups. Feed & water intakes and body weights of rabbits varied significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin K dietary sources in study II while these traits behaved non-significantly in study I. The blood coagulation parameters including bleeding, clotting and prothrombin & partial thrombinplastin times and international normalized ratio (INR) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced due to vitamin K enriched dietary sources in vitamin K deficient rabbits (study II) except fibrinogen level that was improved. The serum phylloquinone levels were increased momentously (p<0.05) during study I & II (trial 1) by 23.78, 16.71 & 10.64 and 47.58, 36.42 & 27.71% in D 2 , D 3 & D 4 groups, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, serum menaquinone-7 level was improved in D 2 , D 3 and D 4 groups by 2.59, 17.77 & 1.11 in study I and 12.74, 24.50 & 10.78% in study II (trial 1). The vitamin K dependent proteins i.e. osteocalcin was increased whilst, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) were decreased due to vitamin K enriched dietary sources. Likewise trend for these traits was noticed in trial 2 of both studies. The liver & kidney functioning tests and hematological values were within normal range. From the present exploration, it is concluded that vitamin K enriched dietary sources containing menaquinone-7 and phylloquinone are effective to improve the serum vitamin K status and ameliorate the coagulation and vitamin K dependent proteins related abnormalities.