عوامی سوٹ شلوار قمیض
چئیر مین ذوالفقار علی بھٹو شہید سے پہلے شلوار قمیض کو آپ کسی بڑے ہوٹل اور مخصوص کلبوں میں پہن کر نہیں جا سکتے تھے وہاں صرف سوٹ پہن کر ہی جا یا سکتا تھا ۔مجھے یاد ہے کہ 1989ء پرل کانٹی نینٹل ہوٹل میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی کوئی تقریب تھی وہاں جب ہم پہنچے تو پارٹی کارکنان میں پیلز لیبر بیورو کے مزدور رہنمائوں اور کارکنوں کی بھی خاصی تعداد تھی جو پرانے کپڑوں میں بیٹھے ہوئے تھے ۔تو میں نے دوستوں سے کہا یہ پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کا خاصہ ہے کہ یہاں آپ سوٹڈ بوٹڈ لوگ ہی نہیں عام کپڑے پہنے مزدور بھی نظر آئیں گے اور ان کو وہی عزت و وقار ملتا ہے جو ایک تھری پیس پہنے شخص کو عزت ۔انہیں چئیر مین ذوالفقار علی بھٹو شہید نے دی ۔چند دن پہلے پورٹ قاسم کراچی میں پیلز لیبر بیورو کی لیبر یونین کی جیتنے کی خبر سنی تو ایسا لگا کہ کسی قومی اسمبلی کی بڑی سیٹ سے معرکہ سر ہوا ہے کہ پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی بنیادی طور پر مزدوروں کسانوں پسے ہوئے طبقات کی جماعت ہے ۔
The preposition ‘min’ is semantically more complex than what the traditional lexicaAl-syntactic approaches held it to be adverb or adverbial of place and time. This paper attempts to investigate the semantic complexity of the preposition ‘min’ from cognitive linguistic perspective to find out its semantic classification and linguistic symmetric patterns. Data has been taken from the Quran to investigate the claim of conceptual metaphor theory that sensorimotor neural structures generates the preposition ‘min’ on the image schema of source-path-goal. The findings reveal that the source-pathgoal image schema is not only at work in the use of preposition ‘min’ in spatio-geometric sense, but also to map the abstract concepts, emotional states and relationship with supernatural entities in spatial terms in the Quran. However, the data also show idiosyncratic behaviour of preposition, attaining different semantic arguments in different linguistic contexts, which strengthen the argument that language use cannot be abridged to static mapping in the human conceptual system. This paper recommends future research on the same preposition or other prepositions to investigate further the source-path-goal image schema in the Quran and Arabic language.
Helminths especially gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes impose severe threat to sheep in terms of mortality, morbidity, treatment cost and control measures. In parasitized sheep, reduction in immunity to fight against GI parasites may occur due to trace element deficiencies. The rangelands of Punjab province have diversified forages used for small ruminants grazing. These forages are a natural source of trace elements for animals. This study was executed at Chakwal district of Punjab, Pakistan for the qualitative and quantitative determination of GI parasitic fauna; estimation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) of sheep, forages and soils of rangelands. A correlation was established between trace element profile and GI parasitic burden in sheep. Microscopically scanned faecal samples of sheep (n=384) revealed an overall prevalence of 65.62 % of GI helminths. The prevalence was significantly higher at Kalar Kahar (77.22 %) followed by Talagang (74.51 %), Choa Saidan Shah (70.97 %) and Chakwal (44.55 %) tehsils (administrative sub divisions of district). The identified parasitic fauna included Haemonchus contortus (60.94%), Ostertagia trifurcata (21.88%), Trichostrongylus spp. (6.25%), Strongyloides papillosus (7.03%), Marshallagia marshalli (6.25%), Avitellina centripunctata (9.64%), Fasciola (F.) gigantica (4.43%) and F. hepatica (1.56%). Nematodes represented higher level of infection than cestodes and trematodes. Rangeland forages reflected higher levels of Zn, Cu and Co than the recommended critical dietary levels for animals; whereas, Se level was within the normal limit. The forage levels of Mn and Mo were below the critical dietary limit. Grazing site soils showed relatively higher levels of Zn, Cu, Mn and Co than the critical levels. Selenium level in soils was below the critical limit; while, Mo level was within the recommended critical limit. Rangeland sheep sera had normal levels of Cu, Mo and Se; while, higher and marginally deficient levels of Mn, Co and Zn, respectively were noted in sheep. Sheep flocks at tehsil Kalar Kahar revealed the highest magnitude (660.21) of egg per gram (EPG) of faeces followed by those of Talagang (610.16), Choa Saidan Shah (506.36) and Chakwal (467.47). Nevertheless, trace elements seem to have no correlation with EPG magnitude in naturally parasitized sheep flocks of the study area. In conclusion, trace elements profile of naturally infected sheep flocks exhibited no significant role in reducing GI parasitic burdens, despite of the fact that rangeland forages and soils contained sufficient levels of most trace elements to cater the requirements of sheep flocks.