دور الشباب في رقي الأمم وازدهارها الحضاري على أساس الدين والعلم والأخلاق من منظور السيرة النبوية

Islam took great care of youth, because youth in Islamic nation are the shining stars, they are the backbone of nation and source of its survival and the pillars of advancement in the peace, and the soldier of victory in the war, and the hope of nation's present and future. Nations achieve greatness on the shoulders of their faithful and committed youth those who want progress, innovation and scientific competition in all sphere of the life, and serve great in uplifting of their Islamic nation. This article is an attempt to answer some questions, such as: possibility of the renewal of ideas of youth and concepts of the religious texts to work on drafting a practical approach for the advancement and prosperity based on the teachings of the religion that urges to wisdom with knowledge and ethics? This article deals with the Importance of youth’s role in progress of the nations and development of their civilizations in light of Holy Qur’an, Writing the idiomatic concept of the word "civilization, the impact of religion, science and ethics in advancement and property of nations, the causes and factors that led to the decline of the Islamic civilization, the foundations and pillars of western civilization, and the most important foundations on of the youth for advancement and prosperity of the nation. All these points are discussed in the article with a special reference an as taken is (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of life the and Sunnah and Quran of excellent example for the development of nation with special reference to its youth.

Synthesis of Triazole Based Phosphine Ligands for Palladium Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period. Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes and effect in number of ways. Pakistan has long spells of drought which, experts believe, are a result of climate change. Citrus fruits are one of the largest fruit crops in the world. In Pakistan ample availability of natural resources provides the favorable regime for the development of citrus industry. Citrus problem faces several problems including biotic and abiotic stresses. Role of rootstocks in citrus is one of the most debatable and discussed issues and its selection is a major consideration under planning any citrus orchard. Present research was planned for genetic characterization and evaluation of modern rootstocks tolerant/resistant to selected abiotic stresses i.e., drought and high temperature. Experiments were conducted to screen out various modern citrus rootstocks including local commercial rootstocks (Rough lemon and Sour orange) against high temperature and water stress. Drought was induced based on field capacity of citrus rootstock relative to water requirement of citrus, high temperature stress was applied with relative to five years maximum temperature range. Four-month-old uniform seedlings were selected for the stress treatments. Gas exchange parameters were recorded at four different times. Horticultural parameters, plant water status and chlorophyll fluorescence at different wavelength was recorded of stresses. From overall results it was concluded that Brazilian sour orange and Keen sour orange showed tolerance against selected stresses and Savage citrange and Yuma citrange were susceptible against the stresses. For the confirmation of tolerance, expression of stress related genes was tested. Proper detailed bioinformatic analysis were performed for the selection of primer related to heat shock protein and major intrinsic proteins. One tolerant (Brazilian sour orange) and one susceptible (Savage citrange) was selected for the genetic expression analysis against the heat shock proteins (CsHsp70, CsHsp70.1 and CsHsp90) and major intrinsic proteins (CsPIP2, CsTIP2 and CsTIP1). Genetic expression of genes showed Brazilian sour orange with high expression level of Hsp70 and Hsp90 against the temperature stress. MIP such as P1P and T1P depicted high expression against the water stress and both Hsp and MIP expression under combined drought and temperature stress. It can be concluded from the study that Brazilian sour orange was tolerant against high temperature and water stress, but Savage orange was susceptible.